الفهرس 
Hepatitis B virusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is major health problem is most common cause of chronic liver diseases among hemodialysis patients Hepatitis B virus is one of the most infectious diseases worldwide HBV is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through blood, serous fluid, semen, vaginal fluid and saliva.Occult HBV infection is characterized by the positivity of HBV DNA in serum or liver, despite the absence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg). Occult HBV infection harbors potential risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusion, hemodialysis and organ transplantation it may serve as cause of cryptogenic liver disease, acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B, fulminant hepatitis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma Occult HBV may exist in the hepatocytes as free genome its molecular basis being related to the long-term persistence in nuclei of the viral covalently-closed-circular DNA (HBVcccDNA), areplicative intermediate that serves as template for gene transcription.What impact occult HBV infection has on the health of these individuals. Previous reports describe associations between occult HBV and fulminant hepatic failure, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.