الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 156 |  |  |
| | | from | 156 | | |
المستخلص
Osteoarthritis was a common complaint of the elderly people. It affected all structures of the knee joint so the aim of the present work was to study and compare the different structures of the knee joint using different techniques.
The knee joint was studied in two male age groups; adult (20-30 years) and elderly (50-60 years) of average weight 70-80kg.Ten formalin preserved adult male cadavers were dissected in the dissecting room of faculty of medicine Ain Shams University. Ten lower end femurs (five for each group) and ten upper end tibias (five for each group) were examined in the dissecting room of faculty of medicine Ain Shams University. Twenty X-rays as well as CT scan were done in radiology department of Elhussien Hospital of Al-Azhar University. MR imaging was done in MRI unit of Elhussien Hospital of Al-Azhar University and Misr Radiology center for twenty patients of both age groups of average weight 70-80kg. Pictures of plastinated knee joint were taken from the Anatomy department of the Azhar University by digital camera.
These different techniques showed the normal appearance of different structures of the knee joint including the three bones forming the joint, all intra- articular structures including both medial and lateral meniscus, both cruciates and the meniscofemoral ligament. Also the extra-articular structures were identified including all extra-articular muscles and ligaments especially superficial and deep medial collateral ligaments, lateral patellar retinaculum, lateral collateral ligament, the oblique popliteal ligament and the arcuate ligament.
The elderly group showed significant changes which were also showed and compared with different techniques as bony osteophytes, subcortical bony erosions, bone marrow edema, bony cystic changes, erosions of the articular cartilage degeneration of the meniscus, mucoid degeneration of the intra-articular ligaments and cystic changes. Also weakness of the muscles and laxity of the extra-articular ligaments were also noticed as indicated by decreased joint space.
Osteoarthritis affected all structures of the joint, not only the hyaline cartilage was lost but bony remodeling also occurred with stretched capsule and weakness of the periarticular muscles. In some patients’ synovitis were present with joint effusion, laxity of the ligaments and lesion of the bone marrow also developed. Osteoarthritis involved the joint in a uniform and focal manner, localized areas of lost cartilage could increase focal stress across the joint leading to further cartilage loss. With bony remodeling the joint became tilted and malalignement developed, which was a most potent risk factor for structural deterioration of the joint that might lead to joint failure.
It was concluded that the observed aging related changes were usually affect the medial compartment of the joint and were best detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique (MRI) and these changes might be a contributing factor in joint pain, swelling and malfunctioning. So routine examination of the knee joint by MRI could help for early detection and treatment of the aging changes of the joint