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Abstract
parameters of bloGenerally, young plant parts are characterized by increased contents of some vitamins, provitamins, antioxidants, and other bioactive substances. Barley grass contains significant quantities of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, β-carotene and chlorophyll.Also, young green barley leaves are known to possess potent pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antiallergic activities.This study was conducted on the powder produced from young green barley leaves to evaluate their chemical and biological effects. Chemical composition and bioactive components of young green barley leaves, green magma and freeze-dried powders were determined. Also, total phenols, antioxidants properties and mineral salts in raw materials under investigation were evaluated. The efficiency of freeze-dried powder from young green barley leaves at different concentrations in lowering the hypercholesterolemia was carried out.Chemical composition of raw materials : The major nutrition composition of young green barley leaves, green magma, freeze-dried and grains powders were evaluated.The obtained results indicated that crude protein content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in green magma powder (29.91±0.70%) than that in freeze-dried powder (21.62±0.90%), young green barley leaves powder (20.09±0.60%) and grains powder (11.51±0.85%). On the other hand, total carbohydrate in grains powder was significantly (P<0.05) higher (62.21±0.50%) than that in freeze-dried juice barley leaves powder (37.80±0.45%), young green barley leaves powder (36.88±0.86%) and green magma powder (35.27±1.36%). The results showed that the crude fiber was found to be 16.70±0.11, 12.64±2.39, 12.19±1.38 and 9.90±0.01%, respectively for the young green barley leaves, green magma, freeze-dried and grains powder.Bioactive components content of young green barley leaves, green magma and freeze-dried powders : Chlorophyll (a) and chlorophyll (b) contents were 759±4.48, 661±4.16 and 752±2.31 mg/kg and 737±2.73, 662±2.31 and 679±4.36 mg/kg for young green barley leaves, green magma and freeze-dried powders, respectively. However, β-carotenoid contents were found to be 230±2.60, 220±3.48 and 219±3.84 mg/kg for the above-mentioned materials. But, ascorbic acid content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in young green barley leaves powder (322±3.61 mg/kg) than that in green magma powder (277±2.60 mg/kg) and freeze-dried powder (227±1.86 mg/kg).Total phenols and antioxidant properties in raw materials under investigation i.e. young green barley leaves, green magma and freeze-dried powders were determined. The total phenols content were found to be 9.59±0.12 mg/kg in young green barley leaves powder, 8.85±0.18 mg/kg for green magma powder and 8.36±0.07 mg/kg in freeze-dried powder. Antioxidant properties of the above-mentioned raw materials were evaluated on the basis of measuring scavenging activity for DPPH radicals.The inhibition of free radical DPPH was found to be higher (34.69±0.18 mg/kg) in freeze-dried barley leaves powder than that young green barley (32.70±.0.37 mg/kg) and green magma powder (17.08±0.30 mg/kg).Minerals salts content in materials under investigations The mean values of sodium were 114.258±0.32, 637.98±6.45 and 125.06±0.07 mg/100gfor young green barely leaves, green magma and freeze-dried powders, respectively. While, potassium content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in green magma powder (3900.00±2.65 mg/100g) than that in freeze-dried powder (3263.00±11.02 mg/100g) and young green barley leaves powder (3059.00±49.54 mg/100g). However, calcium content was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in freeze-dried powder (1077.67±10.74 mg/100g) when compared with green magma powder (1058.31±6.39 mg/100g) and young green barley leaves powder (995.67±12.20 mg/100g). While, the mean values of phosphorus content in the above-mentioned materials under investigation were found to be 506.66±7.90, 540.33±7.84 and 512.33±5.36 mg/100g, respectively.
Iron and zinc contents were found to be 15.54±0.34 and 16.79±0.15, 16.76±0.23 and 26.65±0.30 mg/100g and 14.10±0.07 and 33.84±0.26 mg/100g, respectively for the above-mentioned materials under investigation, respectively.While, the mean values of manganese and copper were 6.67±0.07 and 17.01±0.11, 7.43±0.11 and 22.23±0.46 and 9.25±0.07 and 21.20±0.10 mg/100g for the above-mentioned materials, respectively.However, magnesium values were 13.88±0.17, 18.77±0.07 and 15.20±0.03 mg/100g for young green barley leaves, green magma and freeze-dried powders, respectively.A nutritional experiment was performed on 60 rats in order to study the effect of feeding freeze-dried powder from young green barley leaves at different concentration (6, 9, 12 and 15%) on growth of rats, serum lipids profile, liver and kidneys functions and some biochemical od.The most important results could be summarized as follows:-1- Different diets with freeze-dried barley leaves powder gave a significant increase in body weight gain when compared with hypercholesterolemic diet.2- The relative kidneys weight of hyper-cholesteromic rats and control group had the highest mean value than that of rats fed diets containing different levels (6, 9, 12 and 15%, respectively).3- Serum total lipids, albumin and globulin values significantly decreased in the hypercholesterolemic groups fed diets containing the powder from young green barley leaves relative to value of hypercholesterolemic diet groub.4- Aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) for the hypercholesterolemic rats fed diets containing powder from young green barley leaves at different concentration (6, 9, 12 and 15%) were significantly decreased compared with the hypercholestrolemic rats fed high cholesterol and normal control fed basal diet.5- Feeding on different diets for the hyper-cholesterolemic rats resulting a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C comparing with the hypercholesterolemic group fed on hypercholesterolemic diet.6- In serum urea and creatinine values were significantly decreased in the hypercholestrolemic groups fed on different diets relative to values of the diseased group fed on hypercholesterolemic diet (positive control).Conclusion:Finally, it could be concluded that the addition of powder from young green barley leaves might improve the liver and kidneys functions in hypercholesterolemic rats. Also, this product can be used as a lowering cholesterol factor and also is considered a source of antioxidants.