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Abstract
In recent years, great interest has been focused on the study of Attention deficit hyper activity disorder, yet there is no satisfactory definition for the syndrome. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and restlessness. It is more common in boys than in girls, and runs in families. The onset of symptoms is usually before the age of seven. The prevalence in population is hard to be estimated exactly, because of different diagnostic criteria. Many factors may play role in the causation of brain damage as genetic factors, neurochemical factors,….
ADHD exists alone in only about one third of the affected children. Comorbid impairments in structural aspects of receptive and expressive language skills (phonology, semantics, syntax, narrative discourse, auditory verbal information processing) is common, with 25% to 30% of ADHD children have learning disability. Several disorders may mimic or accompany attention deficit disorder as conduct disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, central auditory processing disorder and hearing problems. Bipolar disorder (Manic Depression), anxiety disorders and sleep disorders may coexist. Detailed interviews are mandatory to screen for these co-existing condition that may in fact be mistaken for ADHD. Failure to treat these co-existing conditions often leads to failure in treating the ADHD.
The aim of this essay is to present a comprehensive review of evaluation and management of ADHD including the administration of standardized behavior rating scales, psychometric, psychological, language and learning disabilities testing. These tests do not diagnose ADHD directly but can provide important information about ways in which ADHD affects the individual. The testing can also help to determine the presence and effects of co-existing conditions, and as regard management; it is believed that the most effective treatment options combine clinical, language, behavioral and psychological therapy with medication. Even medication role and choice is still under trial.