الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of most serious long-term complications in diabetic patients. DN has been viewed as an ascending path from normoalbuminuria to End Stage renal disease (ESRD) through intermediate stages marked by microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria causing considerable morbidity and mortality.
The aim of this work is to find out the relation between the duration of DM and the level of TGF-1 in blood. We evaluated the possibility of using blood biomarker as TGF-1 level as a diagnostic marker for onset of diabetic nephropathy and tested if its level increased with time.
In the present study, plasma concentrations of TGF-1 and their correlations with duration of diabetes and microalbuminuria were evaluated in 75 individuals, classified into three group including 15 healthy volunteers as control (group I), 30 type 2 diabetic patients without complications (group II) and 30 diabetic patients with early DN ((group III).
Plasma TGF-1 level is significantly higher in uncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients (group II) and type 2 diabetic patients with early DN(group III) as compared to control group(group I) and in early DN group(group III) as compared to type 2 diabetic patients without DN(group II). Urinary Microalb/Cr ratio is significantly higher in uncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients (group II) and type 2 diabetic patients with early DN (group III) as compared to the control group (group I). Microalb/Cr ratio is also higher in early DN group (group III) as compared to type 2 diabetic patients without DN (groupII). Plasma level of TGF-1 also strongly correlates to HbA1c. In our study there was no significant change of plasma level of TGF-beta when compared to duration of diabetes.