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Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem, it is considered the second cause of death after coronary heart disease. Cancer is independant risk factor for VTE. Patients with cancer are approximately four times more likely to develop VTE. Risk factors for cancer associated thrombosis are divided into, patient related factors, cancer related factors and treatment related factors. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer is also associated with a high rate of recurrence, bleeding, a requirement for long-term anticoagulation, and worsened factors for cancer-associated VTE include particular cancer types, chemotherapy (with or without antiangiogenic agents), the use of erythropoietin-stimulating agents, the presence of central venous catheters, and surgery. Novel risk factors include platelet and leukocyte counts and tissue factor. A risk model for identifying cancer patients at highest risk for VTE has recently been developed. Multifaceted strategies to raise awareness, and ensure implementation, of these guidelines are required to enhance awareness on the risk for VTE encountered by cancer patients, and promote adequate VTE prophylaxis for hospitalized patients with cancer. Anticoagulant therapy is the mainstay treatment for acute VTE for decades, the only practical agents available were parentral UFH and oral coumarin derivatives.LMWHs represent the preferred therapeutic option for VTE prophylaxis and treatment. Their use may be associated with improved survival in cancer, although this issue requires further study. Despite the significant burden imposed by VTE and the availability of effective anticoagulant therapies, many oncology patients do not receive appropriate VTE prophylaxis as recommended by practice guidelines. Improved adherence to guidelines could substantially reduce morbidity, decrease resource use, enhance quality of life, and improve survival in these patients.