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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary)
extracts on monoamines, y-aminobuteric acid (GABA), sodiumion, chloride ion contents and acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity in different brain areas of adult male albino rats
(cerebellum, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem and hippocampus). The present study showed that the daily oral administration of Foeniculum vulgare at a dose level 300 mg/kg body weight caused a significant increase in monoamines content while a significant reduction in Na + ion content at most experimental periods. These may be attributed that Foeniculum
vulgare acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and its constituents may block voltage-gated sodium channels. On the other hand, GABA content showed a significant reduction while C1`ion content showed a highly significant increment. These results may be due to the sedative, analgesic, anesthetic and
motor relaxant effects of Foeniculum vulgare extract. Moreover, Foeniculum vulgare extract induced a highly significant reduction in acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity in all studied
brain areas all over the experimental periods which may be due to its action as an acetylcholine esterase enzyme inhibitor.
The daily oral administration of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) extract with a dose of 582.4 mg / kg b.wt. (0.5 ml solution/rat) for 4 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in
monoamines, Na + ion, GABA contents and acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity in all tested brain areas, almost all
over the experimental period, while it caused a significant increase in er ion content. According to the obtained results, it could be concluded that the plant extract may decrease
monoamines reuptake or induce their turnover. Moreover, SInce Rosmarinus officinalis was demonstrated as
an anticonvulsant and has an antinociceptive effect so it blocks
persistent sodium currents in eNS neurons. On the same line,
reduction in GABA and increment in er ion contents may be due to its anxiolytic and sedative effects of Rosmarinus. The reduction in acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity may be due to Rosmarinus officinalis has an anti-acetylcholine esterase
enzyme activity which improving memory.