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Abstract
Grading is the process for vegetables and fruit of the most important
processes of the good preparation for vegetables and fruits after harvest. Good
grading is cause to raise the quality of the product and make it identical to the
specifications defined for each grade according to the requirements of domestic
and global market in the case of export. In addition to meeting the needs of the
consumer at a price that suits him. Also the grading of fruit is makes the product
suited for automated manufacturing processes as the peeling processes ,the
boiling, remove the cores, as well as in processes where the regularity of the
heat transfer is very important and to helps ease packaging and transport,
handling and prevent damage resulting from mechanical vibrations. It is noted
that when you make the preparations for vegetables and fruit must be sorting the
fruit before the process of grading. Sorting is a process which is intended to
remove the infected fruits by fungal injuries, insect and damaged fruits....etc,
grading is a process which separate the fruits to different grades bases on one or
more of the physical characteristic of fruits such as dimensions, weight, color,
volume and degree of maturity…etc, according to the standard or the required
for the market.
Usually the grading for vegetables and fruit being by manual methods or
machinery method. It is noted that the grading by manual methods have many
disadvantages, most notably the high cost of trained manpower and lack of
availability, as well as lower production rate and efficiency, while the grading
by machinery method is characterized the high speed, high efficiency and
decreasing of the operating costs.
Due to the lack of the small grading machinery to fit small farms, And
higher prices of large grading machinery, therefore conducted this study, which
aims to design, manufacture and evaluate the performance of a prototype for
grading of the fruits and vegetables based on the dimensions of the fruit by using