الفهرس 
AcknowlegementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Studies Concerning Leptospirosis :The number and species of animals used in the current work were: 101 rats, 32 dogs, 2 cats, 2 weasels, 4 donkeys, 9 cows, 25 sheep and 12 buffaloes. The results confirmed that culture is a low sensitive diagnostic tool (5.9% positive samples) and not always successful compared to PCR which showed higher sensitivity rates (17.1%) in detecting pathogen from clinical specimens in a considerable time. Speciation of isolates showed that the most prevalent serovars infecting rats in the region were: L Grippotyphosa, L. Pyrogenes and L. Icterohaemorrhagiae, while those in dogs were:L Canicola and L. Pyrogenes. MAT results showed a priority of such test in diagnosing the disease (17.1%) than those of culture. In addition MAT may be helpful in predicting which serovar could be recovered when isolation is successful. The test could be powerful when getting duplicate blood samples (10-15 days in-between) to estimate the rising titer. If seroconversion is not available, presence of clinical presentations parallel to high titers of MAT may confirm a diseased case. In addition, the reliability of serodiagnosis of leptospirosis by MAT depends on the availability of a large number of representative strains of Leptospira which so far makes it laborious. The conclusion of combining L. biflexa in the panel of antigens can be used as an initial screening test to detect the presence of leptospiral antibodies. The obtained results showed that absorption of the collected sera with spirochetal and non-spirochetal antigens is a rapid, reliable, and simple procedure that can clearly discriminate leptospira antibodies from cross-reacting antibodies and thus increase specificity of a conventional test like ELISA Studies Concerning Fowl Spirochetosis:Only ten chicks were experimentally infected. They showed the clinical symptoms of avian spirochaetosis (paralysis, greenish diarrhea and arthritis) then there blood was examined microscopically and serologically. The blood films were taken from wing vein and examined under the dark-field microscope to view the characteristic spirochetal movement. Fixed films were stained with Leishman’s stain and examined using oil immersion lens. After detection of Borrelia anserina in their blood, their hearts were punctured by a long sterile needle and blood was withdrawn by sterile syringe Serum was separated and agar gel precipitation test was done. Demonstration of the spirochetes in a blood film was shown to be much more convenient for rapid detection rather than serodiagnosis as the organism was detected 2 days post-infection Nevertheless, AGPT revealed positive results starting from the 3rd day post-infection and continued until before death. So, serology appears to be helpful at the time when the circulating organisms are undetectable since the birds are empirically given antibiotic treatment immediately on the emergence of morbidity and mortality or when the organisms vanish from the blood at crisis after clumping in large aggregates as a result of the development of agglutinating antibodies.