الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total number of 471 swab samples collected from different asymptomatic and diseased animal species and human were examined during this investigation. Each swab sample was accompanied with serum sample, i.e. 471 serum samples were examined also. This study is designed to investigate the prevalence of Chlamydiae in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and in adjacent human. In addition, a comparative study on Chlamydial isolates from different species using serological and molecular based diagnostic techniques was adopted. The sensitivity and specificity of IP, Gimenez stains and indirect CFT were 98.4%, 100%& 90.9%, 97.4%& 92.5% 65.8%, respectively, when compared to PCR. The PCR-RFLP analysis revealed the prevalence of the different Chlamydiaceae in different animal species and human cases examined during this investigation. This study also revealed that the tissue culture isolation of Chlamydial agents is superseded egg culture isolation in term of sensitivity and assuming direct IF test as the reference test, the Giemsa stain of the inoculated Vero cell line had a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 100%. The difference in sensitivities of CFT in detecting Chlamydial antigen directly in swab samples and in purified isolates is not significant, thereby; CFT can be used efficiently in detection of Chlamydiae directly in swab samples as screening test detecting both viable and non-viable EBs. Also this investigation revealed the sensitivity of different isolated Chlamydial species in this investigation to penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin.