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Abstract
Cognitive approach to OCD is always a subject of interest in the disorder of obsessive compulsive disorder . The importance of this approach rises from the cognitive nature of the disorder ; the more the cognition is understood the more proper management is achieved .
The work in this study is aimed at the clarification of the presence of a cognitive style characteristic to OCD patients by applying a battery of tests on the OCD group and the control group.
The study has been divided into two parts ; theoretical part and practical part . In the theoretical part , the study started by giving a brief picture of the disorder as regard the clinical picture, epidemiology, psychopathology, classification and spectrum of the disorder. In the same chapter , a short hint about the etiology of the disorder and the most recent theories which hypothesize new etiological factors of the disorder. The neurobiological aspects were also discussed in some detail because of the strong evidence of the organic problem in brain circuits which result in the emergence of OCD . In this regard , different circuits are involved in the problem of OCD are discussed and different related hypothesis are mentioned. Other hypothesis were discussed i.e. neurochemical model, neuroimaging model and genetic model.
The Second Chapter in the study approaches the cognitive aspect of the disorder which is the main focus of the study. The chapter includes different theories explaining the cognitive deficit in OCD patients i.e. Salkoviskis, Rachman and Well’s. It also includes a review of the cognitive performance of OCD in the different psychomotor tests . These tests showed strong evidence of the cognitive deficit in OCD patients. These tests cognitive deficits may suggest a natural shift in information processing resulting from the disorder . Identification of the deficits by psychometry suggest additional areas for clinical intervention . Areas which are affected are visuospatial, non verbal and executive functions. The same chapter discusses the specific domains of OCD beliefs namely; Inflated responsibility, Overimportance of thoughts, Overestimation of threat, Intolerance of uncertainty, Perfectionism and fixity of beliefs. Cognitive processes in OCD was also discussed and emphasized as the impairment of Decision making, Attention, Inhibition of attention and information processing and memory for previous action and reality monitoring.
The Third Chapter discusses the thinking styles . Different thinking styles are discussed in this chapter with special consideration to the 5 thinking styles measured in the study : Idealistic, Analytic, Synthetic, Pragmatic, Realistic thinking styles.
The fourth Chapter discusses briefly the treatment of OCD and the problem of OCD with special consideration to cognitive treatment of the disorder .
The practical part of the study included 52 patients suffering from OCD who were randomly selected. A brief clinical interview and the following psychometric tests are applied .
1. ICD -10 based semistructure interview.
2. Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Checklist.
3. Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale severity index.
4. Dysfunctional Attitude Scale.
5. Cognitive Style Test.
6. Checklist of positive and negative thoughts.
Comparison between the results of the patients and the results of the control group was done. The study showed the presence of a cognitive style characterizing the OCD group as well as the evidence of predominance of dysfunctional beliefs and the negative thoughts among the patient group.