الفهرس 
CarcinogenesisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a very poor survival rate. The low cure rate can be attributed to lake of effective screening and early detective measures. the lung represents one of the major targets for exposure to xenobiotics not only because it is the primary site for the entrance of airborne agents but also because it receives 100% of the cardiac output. this will lead to DNA damage and cancer incidence . lung cancer that is highly associated with cigarette smoking is the most common malignancy worldwide, and its incidence is still increasing.
Tobacco smoke contains over 4000 compounds including 50 carcinogens . three major classes of carcinogens ,PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), TSNAs (tri-cyclic-nitrose – amines) and aromatic amines play important roles in tobacco-associated cancers
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) represent the most abundant and ubiquitous family of enzymes active in the cellular detoxification process. These enzymes catalyse the direct coupling of reduced glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic compounds (chemicals, reactive oxygenspecies, drugs and other xenobiotic agents).