الفهرس 
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Abstract
aim of the work-)Environmental pollutants (solid, liquid and gas) are hazardous substances which contaminate the environment. Such contamination can result in acute or chronic health hazard on the population. Vanadium is extensively distributed in nature. It is a trace element which is present in almost all-living organisms, including man. It has the ability to inhibit the activities of various other intracellular enzyme systems. The presence of pesticides in food, even in small quantities, is a potential hazard to animals and human health which in turn causes anemia, increased hepatic and renal damage, besides its immunosuppressive effect.
Two hundred adult albino rats were divided into five groups. Gp. (1) was kept as normal control (30 rats). Gp. (2) was orally given 1mg/kg B.wt. vanadium pentoxide (1/10 LD50), (50 rats). Gp. (3) was orally given 0.5 mg/kg B.wt.vanadium pentoxide (1/20 LD50), (35 rats). Gp. (4) was orally given 560 mg/kg B.wt. glyphosate (1/10 LD50), (50 rats). Gp. (5) was orally given 280 mg/kg B.wt. glyphosate (1/20 LD50), (35 rats). All groups were treated for 60 days FBT. Blood samples were collected from the retro orbital venous plexus for hematological, biochemical and immunological studies at 7, 14, 30, 45 and 60 days (FBT). Tissue specimens were collected from the liver, kidneys and spleen for histopathological examination beside part from the liver was taken for antioxidant measurement.
No clinical signs of toxicity were detected after vanadium pentoxide supplementation (gps.2&3) as the rats were apparently normal throughout the experimental periods. The rats after glyphosate poisoning (gps.4&5) showed dullness, decreased appetite, loss of hair and alopecia 30 & 45 days respectively till the end of experiment. There were no mortalities in all groups allover the experimental periods.
The erythrogram showed non significant changes in RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and reticulocytic counts in all treated groups at the 7th and 14th days (FBT). Macrocytic hypochromic anemia with reticulocytosis was found at 30, 45 and 60 days in vanadium treated rats gps.(2&3). Glyphosate treated rats, gps.(4&5), showed a non-significant change in erythrogram and reticulocyte allover the experimental periods.