الفهرس 
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Abstract
The descriptive study in SECI (Assiut) was studied on 96 lymphoma cases. Lymphoma is considered as one of heterogeneous group of cancer and it is affecting lymphatic system. Lymphatic system is one of defensive mechanism in the body that protects the body from infectious diseases. The most common types pathologically are Non Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin diseases. The review’s content is definitions of lymphoma, history, classifications, types of lymphoma, incidence and prevalence, etiology, risk factors, symptoms and signs, and treatment.
The aims of the study were to:
1. To measure the ratio of lymphoma cases attending South Egypt Cancer Institute (Assiut) to other cases of cancer.
2. To create a map of Assiut governorate with regional distribution of lymphoma in every district.
3. To describe the socio-demographic characteristics of these cases.
Subjects and methods:
Study design:
A descriptive study conducted in Assiut governorate, during the period of October 2010 / February 2011. The study was conducted in SECI.
Sampling method:
We recruited all cases attended SECI during the period of the study including the adult (40 cases) and pediatrics (56 cases).
Data were collected by personal interview at SECI using questionnaire was for family socio-demographic, environmental data, and medical history of the patient.
Data entry file for the questionnaire was designed by using Excel program. After this, the files were converted to the SPSS program version 16 under windows and defining the variables was done.
Results:
1- Socio-demographic characteristics:
The study was done on 58 male cases and 38 female cases including all ages, and regarding marital status, about (58.3 %) under age and married cases (29.2 %), other cases were single, divorced, and widowed. Regarding consanguinity, it was in (50 %) of cases. Assiut governorate was the most governorates affected by the disease (53.1 %) then Sohag governorate (28.1 %) cases than other nearby governorates. Regarding educational level there were (31.2 %) of cases under age and (21.9 %) illiterate, (19.8 %) cases at primary school level. Regarding occupation there was (34.4 %) cases from children under age, (27 %) unemployed, (22.9 %) cases were students in schools and universities.
2- Housing data:
For housing the majority of cases (79.2 %) were living in their own houses. Regarding source of water the majority (84.4 %) have water pipe system. Regarding animal wealth and domestic birds (50%) and (74%) of cases raising them specially buffalo and chicken.
3- Patient medical history
(53.1%) of cases had infectious diseases which were in common cold (59.2 %) of cases. (25 %) of cases had chronic diseases most commonly diabetes mellitus, and had undergone surgical operations most commonly lymph node dissection (16.7 %), tonsillectomy in (16.7 %) of cases, and laparoscopic splenectomy (12.5 %). And regarding symptoms and signs the most symptoms were being complained by patients were loss of weight in (67.7 %), fever 68.8 %, fatigue and lethargy (82.3 %) and loss of appetite in (62.5 %). There were (13.5 %) of cases had positive family history of cancer, and (50 %) had positive family in chronic diseases, and the most chronic diseases was diabetes mellitus (83.3 %).
4- Risk factors:
Regarding risk factors there were (56.3 %) passive smokers due to their exposure to smoking in their home and place of living whereas (57.3 %) cases had already smokers in their family. While (35.4 %) of cases were not exposed to other risk factors as herbicides, petrochemicals and organic dust as cotton and wheat. Results show that (44.8 %) of cases were making periodic medical examinations every certain period (6 months up to one year) in centers out SECI.
5- Diagnosis and Management of lymphoma:
The most types of lymphomas was ALL in (45.8 %), NHL in (34.37 %). The main treatment was chemotherapy (89.6 %). Regarding patients` investigations there were (74 %) had low levels regarding RBCs, (82.3 %) had low HB level, while regarding WBCs there were (46.9 %) in normal range and (40.6 %) had low level, regarding platelets (64.6 %) were in normal level. (52%), who were investigated for Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme, were above normal.
Based on the present study results, we recommend that:
1- Paying special attention to rural sectors that are low socio-economic levels is recommended.
2- Health education of the population about seriousness of the problem of lymphoma and its complication is mandatory.
3- Availability to primary health care units and other high levels to provide unique health services as: cancer screening.
4- Early diagnosis and periodic follow up.
5- Health education to prevent smoking.
6- Health education regarding sanitary housing program especially rural housing.
7- Use of herbicides and organochlorines with care.
8- This study highlights multiple research points and is a potential baseline for further research points in the same fields.