الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 252 |  |  |
| | | from | 252 | | |
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is the third most abundant element in the earth crust. Humans constantly exposed to aluminum from various environmental sources as drinking water, air, foods and drugs. The brain may be a critical target for aluminum-mediated toxicity as aluminum is implicated in serious neurological conditions including neurodegeneration. The possible mechanism(s) of aluminum-induced neurotoxicity related to cell damage via oxidative stress through free radical production, alteration of neurotransmitter system, inflammation and initiation of immune system leading to neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease. so this study aimed at the following: 1. Studying the neurotoxic effect of aluminum as well as the neuroprotective and treatment potential of either ginkgo biloba or memantine as reference drug. 2. Introducing a new effective prophylactic and treatment therapy against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity, taking the advances of being cheap, available and safe alternative to the chemically synthesized drugs, avoiding their various side effects. 3. Studying the possible protective and treatment mechanism(s) by which ginkgo biloba or memantine hydrochloride counteracts aluminum- induced neurotoxicity.