الفهرس 
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Abstract
Heavy metals are among the most toxic pollutants present in the environment. Lead(II) and cobalt(II) are found in different industrial effluents that cause environmental pollution. The ability of most fungi in biosorption of
metal-bearing metals is well documented in last years. Therefore, the present
work aimed at investigation the ability of representative forms of filamentous and
unicellular fungi (as free and immobilized forms) to remove lead(II) and
cobalt(II) ions from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents. The following
results can be drawn from the study:
1. The biomass of R. oryzae and S. cerevisiae were found to be the most
effective of all the fungal species tested towards biosorption of both
metals. Thus, removal of lead(II) and cobalt(II) ions from aqueous
solutions is biologically feasible. Such ability has a potentiality in
biotechnological application for removing of lead(II) and cobalt(II) ions
from industrial effluents.
2. For both fungal species, biomasses cultured with PDA medium exhibited
higher biomass production and biosorption capacities than biomasses
cultured with other tested media.
3. Among the pretreatment methods used for enhancing metal biosorption
capacities of R. oryzae and S. cerevisiae biomasses, alkali pretreatments
were found to be effective. The biosorption capacity of lead(II) and
cobalt(II) ions on the NaOH-pretreated R. oryzae biomass was increased
from 13.24±0.22 to 23.81±0.17 mg g−1 and from 3.89±0.10 to 10.37±0.23
mg g−1, respectively, whereas the biosorption capacity on NaOHpretreated
S. cerevisiae biomass was increased from 8.36±0.26 to
23.75±0.44 mg g−1 and from 3.71±0.15 to 6.10±0.23 mg g−1 for lead(II)
and cobalt(II), respectively in comparison with heat dried biomasses.