الفهرس 
What is retinoblastomaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The management of retinoblastoma has become complex in recent years. The goals of treatment are first, and most importantly, to save the child’s life and second to salvage the eye and/or vision if possible.
Therapy is not just decided upon size only which is very important but not the only factor in the treatment decision. Treatment is tailored to each individual case and based on the overall situation, including threat of metastatic disease, risks for second cancers, systemic status, laterality of the disease, size and location of the tumor(s), and visual prognosis.
There are several options for treatment of retinoblastoma, and the ocular oncologist should be thoroughly familiar with the indications, technique, and expected results of all treatment methods as well as the expected systemic and visual problems.
The currently available treatment methods for retinoblastoma are divided into whole eye treatment and focal tumor treatment. The whole eye methods include chemoreduction using multiple agents or a single agent as well as techniques of external beam radiotherapy and enucleation. Focal methods include transpupillary or transscleral thermotherapy, cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, and plaque radiotherapy.
Patients with small tumors alone, with minimal or no tumor seeding, are managed with focal methods. Medium sized tumors are usually managed with chemoreduction to reduce the size of the tumor then treat it with focal methods.