الفهرس 
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Abstract
hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is now regarded as one of the major malignant diseases worldwide, with significant variation in its epidemiology. The burden of HCC has been increasing in Egypt with doubling in the incidence rate in the past 10 years, this has been attributed to many factors as hepatitis C, hepatitis B, aflatoxin, cigarettes smoking , chemical carcinogens and schistosomiasis
Aim of the work:
Study of some epidemiological parameters of HCC in patients attending Zagazig university hospital, internal medicine department from August 2009 to August 2010.
Subjects and methods:
This study was conducted on all patients diagnosed as HCC from August 2009 to August 2010. These patients were subjected to detailed medical history, Clinical examination, laboratory estimation of Aflatoxin B1 and alpha feto protein, Radiological investigations including abdominal ultrasound and triphasic computed tomography.
Results:
HCC distribution showed a high significant difference between those < 40 years and those ≥ 40 years. Males were 3.8 folds more affected than females . HCC was higher in rural areas, more in farmers and smokers, but positive family history had had a little impact in our studied patients .circumcision was a very important risk in our patients including females, tartar emetic injection , operations other than circumcision and blood transfusion came after ,. Hepatitis C was the major risk factor in our patients (85% ) , hepatitis B came after (19 %) and non B non C patients constituted only 1.2 % of patients . serum aflatoxin B1 was higher in non B non C group than other groups. But significant difference was found only between control and all other groups in serum aflatoxin B1 level .
Conclusion:
We concluded that hepatitis C infection is the major risk of HCC , hepatitis B came after and aflatoxin B1 was an additive risk in all HCC patients and a very important risk in non B non C patients with HCC. We concluded also that old age , male sex , rural habit, farmers and diabetes were significant risk factors for HCC while bilharziasis and family history had a little impact in our patients .
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