الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abstract
Water pumping using solar energy may be operated by thermal system (Rankin cycle) or electrical system (photovoltaic cells), which was studied in this thesis. In order to improve the performance of the photovoltaic solar water pumping in Egypt, the factors affecting photovoltaic pump size which are climatic conditions, type of crops, irrigation system, and technology were addressed and validated with the experimental measurements in a multi steps computer program calls Improving Solar Water Pumping System (ISWPS).
As the incident solar energy is the main parameter affecting photovoltaic pumping process also the water demand, a second computer program calls Micro-Solar was developed, run, and validated to predict and map the solar energy over Egypt.
Experimental tasks of this thesis were carried out in three different locations. The first location is Ismailia (31.96o,N lat., 32.38o,E long.) using direct current photovoltaic pump of 75 Watt. The second location is Ber-Alabed (31.45o,N lat., 33.0o,E long.) using weather station. The third location is New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) laboratories, Cairo (30.08o,N lat., 31.28o,E long.) using different photovoltaic pumps and instruments.
The study concluded that solar energy can be used to operate irrigation water pumps. Therefore, the referred computer program under the climatic conditions of Ber-Alabed location was used to design a photovoltaic pump to irrigate 5 fadden (2.1 hectare) of olive orchard. The required photovoltaic cell power was varied between 9.08 kW in July to 3.18 kW in March, while the optimum monthly tilt angle was varied between 54.5o for December to 8.4o for June.
The yearly average solar energy flux incident on a horizontal plane over Egypt was computed to be 5.72 kWh/m2/day. Daily average deviations between measured and predicted flow rates from ISWPS program were in the range of ±8 % and ±5 % at static head of zero m and 1 m, respectively. Solar module efficiency of mono and poly crystalline were degraded by 13.6 % and 25.5 %, respectively after 15 years from field installation.
Key words: solar energy, water pumping, photovoltaic cells, computer programming