الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Immunologically mediated enteropathies consist of a group of different
that is characterized by varying degree of villous destruction in the small :estine. Examples of these diseases are celiac disease and food allergy (Marsh, r96 and Westerhoim -Ormio, 2004). Food allergy is treated in human and rimental animals by using either omega-3 (Nagafuchi, et al., 2000; Nagura, a!., 2002; and Takano et al., 2004 ) or dexamethasone (Krishnaswamy, et al., VOl; Sampson, 2003 and Kamingawa and Nanno, 2004).
The aim of this work is to induce OVA food allergy and to study their 1..hogenesis, gross and microscopic changes and try to treat the induced
ition by using omega-3 fatty acids and dexamethasone.
)erimental design
Local anaphylaxis protocol
The animals were divided into 4 groups. All rats except the control group exposed to chicken egg albumin by daily gavages dosing for 44 days hout the use of an adjuvant. The dexamethasone treated group received
intra-peritoneal injection of 1 mg of dexamethasone per week and the -3 treated group received daily gavage dosing with 0.1 ml of code liver
(that provide 6.8mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 4.9mg docosaenoic acid (DHA).
-Systemic anaphylaxis protocol
The animals were divided into 4 groups. These animals except the control roup received the sensitization dose which consisted of intra-peritoneal
on of 10 jig of chicken egg albumin protein and 10 mg of aluminum iroxide [Al (OH) 3] as adjuvant in 0.9 % saline. After 15 day sensitization, he rats exposed to 1 mg chicken egg albumin protein / ml tap water, 1 ml per
by daily gavages dosing for 44 days. The dexamethasone treated group ceived single intra-peritoneal injection of 1 mg of dexamethasone per week
J the omega-3 treated group received daily gavage dosing with 0.1 ml of code Liver oil.
)athological analysis
j Tissue samples were taken from duodenum, jejunum and ileum and were prepared for morphometric analysis, IELs and morpho-pathological
The statistical analysis was performed by using Students t-test GraphPad Prism version 5.01 Program by Graph Pad software Inc. The
iresults were considered significant if P <0.05.
In both local and systemic food allergic experiments, administration of
)umin (OVA) induced allergic enteritis in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. This inflammation could be classified into: A-Acute serous enteritis. Bite sero-catarrhal enteritis-Chronic catarrhal enteritis. The components of
inflammation were: Degenerative and necrobiotic changes in the lining epithelium of villi and crypts, non significant in the acute phase and prominent in the subacute and chronic phases. Thrombosis in the blood vessels in the three phases. Intraepithelial lymphocytosis in both villi and crypts. Inflammatory exudates were infiltrating villi cores and lamina propria. Vasculitis. Villi and
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ts hyperplasia and goblet cell metaplasia of the lining epithelium in the bacute phase. Fibrocytic cells proliferation was infiltrating villi cores and ma propria in the subacute and chronic phases. Germination of submucosal phoid follicles. These inflammatory reactions lead to changes in the shapes fvilli and crypts and decrease of villi heights and crypts depths.
Omega-3 was better than dexamethasone in the correction of: 1-IELs of e villi and crypts in local allergic duodenitis and jejunitis and in systemic lergic ileitis. 2-The villi heights in the three small intestinal segments in both cal and systemic food allergy. 3-The crypts depths in the duodenum and eum in local food allergy and in the three small intestinal segments in systemic od allergy. 4-In normalizing the atypical regeneration in the three small testinal segments in systemic food allergy.5-In transforming the submucosal phoid follicles to diffuse mature lymphocytes in the three small intestinal egments in both local and systemic food allergy, vise versa to dexamethasone hich caused lymphoid exhaustion.
Dexamethasone was better in the correction of: 1-Crypts depths in local lergic jejunitis. 2- IELs in both villi and crypts in systemic allergic duodenitis d jejunitis. 3- In normalizing the atypical regeneration in the jejunum and eurn in local food allergy.
The two drugs had similar effects in the following: 1- In preventing asculitis and thrombosis in the three small intestinal segments in both local nd systemic food allergy. 2- In preventing the IELs in both ileal villi and crypts local food allergy. 3- In normalizing the villi shape in the three small testinal segments in both local and systemic food allergy.
Finally, we suggest the use of daily course of omega-3 treatment together .iexamethasone injection weekly for 45 days.