الفهرس 
Anatomy of the ProstateOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) should be well discriminated from BPH to better understand the pathology-physiol¬ogy of this disease. BPH may lead to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), BOO and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Bladder outlet obstruction might be or not be present in patients with BPH. On the other hand BOO may cause secondary bladder dysfunction and furthermore upper urinary tract damage. For these reasons, patients with BPH must be evaluated not only for LUTS but also for BOO.
Up to now, urodynamic evaluations have been accepted as the only objective method of assessing BOO. There is a lot to say about the disadvantages of pressure flow studies (PFS) which has been well described in the literature. It is invasive, uncomfort¬able, time-consuming and expensive. Moreover, there is a need for urethral catheterization, which causes partial obstruction during micturition and confers the undesirable consequences of possibly introducing infection and discomfort that may alter the micturition reflex. Hematuria, urinary tract infection and difficulty in urination are the side effects of this procedure
Prostate volume, PSA, BWT, DWT and PVR were correlated with BOOI and these non-invasive measurement could help us in detection of Bladder outlet obstruction in men with BPH
In our study IPP correlated not only with other measurements but also with BOOI and appeared to be better than other non invasive measurement such as PSA, Prostate volume and PVR. IPP can be used to direct the appropriate patients to more aggressive treatment strategies, such as surgery
Nowadays IPP is considered one of the invasive methods for prediction of BOO. The rise of the idea that IPP might be a predictor of BOO can be explained by few words. IPP is caused by the enlarg¬ing lateral lobes and the median lobe, and may lead to dyskinetic movement of the bladder during voiding. This would cause more obstruction than if there were no protrusion and just bilateral lateral lobes, as the strong bladder contraction could force open a channel between the lobes.