الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale and it deals with structure of the size 100 nm or smaller and involves developing materials and devices within that size. One nanometer (nm) is one billionth of a meter or one millionth of millimeter, that is a bout 1/80.000 of the diameter of a human hair. When matter modified at the nanoscale, it can have extraordinary and useful properties, which were never created before.
Most accounts of the history and origins of nanotechnology begin in (1959) with the physicist Feynman who described a process by which the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules might be developed, using one set of precise tools to build and operate another smaller set, and so on down to the needed scale but the basic idea of nanotechnology was explored in depth by Drexler (1980) who promoted the technological significance of nano-scale phenomena and devices through speeches and the books ”Engines of Creation” a popular treatment of the promises and potentials of nanotechnology.
Nanomedicine is the use of nanotechnology to achieve innovative medical breakthroughs. Nanomedicine, with its broad range of ideas, hypotheses, concepts and undeveloped clinical devices, is still in its early stage.
The aim of this study was to spot light and understanding of nanotechnology and its applications in dermatology.
Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing discipline with numerous applications in dermatology. Nanomaterials have the potential to change the way of cosmetics. Specifically, nanoparticles are being developed to encapsulate a wide range of ingredients beneficial to the skin. Use of nanotechnology in cosmetics preparation is aimed to make fragrances last longer, sunscreen and anti-aging creams more effective.
The next generation of topical preparations will take advantage of new vehicles to provide better active ingredient delivery. Nanotechnology allows the production of a whole new fleet of vehicles for existing and new active ingredients. Traditional treatments, when packaged in this fleet, are more stable, have fewer side effects, are more cosmetically elegant and are more convenient to use.
Development of vehicles for delivering multiple drugs to efficiently treat psoriasis is urgently needed. Nanostructured lipid carriers incorporating calcipotriol and methotrexate were developed and evaluated to achieve this aim.
Nanotechnology provides one of the most helpful treatments of atopic dermatitis by developing a cream that would either deliver filaggrin itself to the skin or stimulate the synthesis of filaggrin. Liposomal packing of recombinant transglutaminase-1 is an essential step toward enzyme-replacement therapy of transglutaminase-1- deficient lamellar ichthyosis.
Nanotechnology heals abscesses caused by resistant staph bacteria by developing tiny nanoparticles that carry nitric oxide to infection. When topically applied to abscesses, the particles released NO that traveled deep into the skin, clearing up the infections and helping to heal tissue.
Controlled drug delivery technology represents one of the frontier areas in biomedical science. Some of the challenges of most drug delivery systems include poor bioavailability, in vivo stability, solubility, intestinal absorption, sustained and targeted delivery to site of action, therapeutic effectiveness, side effects, and plasma fluctuations of drugs which either fall below the minimum effective concentrations or exceed the safe therapeutic concentrations. However, nanotechnology in drug delivery is an approach designed to overcome these challenges due to the development and fabrication of nanostructures at submicron and nanoscale which have multiple advantages.
Topical vaccine delivery is another future aspect of nanotechnology that has promise. Nanotechnology-based vaccines may prove superior to existing vaccines and have the potential to open therapeutic avenues for treating infectious diseases and malignancy.
Nanotechnology has the power to change the way cancer is diagnosed, imaged and treated. Currently, there is a lot of research going on to design novel nanodevices capable of detecting cancer at its earliest stages, pinpointing it’s location within the body and delivering anticancer drugs specifically to malignant cells.
In the last years, the term nanotechnology has been inflated for things that are highly promising, however it is also the subject of considerable debate regarding the open question on toxicological impact of nanoparticles which are due to high surface area to volume ratio, which can make the particles very reactive. This can result in increased production of reactive oxygen species which is one of the primary mechanisms of nanoparticles toxicity; it may result in inflammation and consequent damage to proteins, membranes and DNA, thus caution and reporting of side effects should be the responsibility of all professionals handling nanotechnology. Because of its great importance in the medical field especially in dermatology so, it needs to be more studied and practically applied.
In conclusions, nanotechnology has rapidly entered the consumer and dermatology marketplace and will continue to do so at an exponential pace. The benefits of this technology have already been seen in consumer goods and skincare products and will soon be available for medical diagnosis and treatment.