الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nosocomial infections are a worldwide healthcare and public health problem, which places a substantial burden on individual patients and on the health care system and result in major complications of serious illnesses. Nosocomial infections are a common cause of higher morbidity, mortality, and longer stay in the hospital.
In this study, bacterial samples were isolated during the period from October 2007 to June 2008 from operating rooms of Zagazig University Surgery Hospitals from 33 males and 18 females. These samples were isolated from different ages ranged from 1-66 years of males and 13-75 years of females. Samples were collected on C.L.E.D. agar before and after the operation from the air(by opening the Petri dishes) , the floor around operating table , the floor in the corners of the operating room , the walls , the operating table , the operation instruments , the site of operation in the patient and the antiseptic used. Spore forming bacteria were excluded from our study. All bacterial strains isolated form the different sites were identified according to ”Manual of Microbiological Method, Biochemical Profile-Based Microbial Identification Systems and Bergy’s Manual of Determination Bacteriology and examined microscopically.
In the present study, the most frequent identified species from operation rooms are 1.97 % Streptococcus pneumonia, 1.97 % Yeast, 5.88 % Proteus vulgaris, 5.88 % Shigella dysenteriae, 5.88 % Acinetobacter spp., 5.88 % Salmonella typhi, 5.88 % Gemella spp., 7.84 % Klebsiella pneumonia, 7.84 % E.coli, 9.8 % Staphylococcus aureus, 11.77 % Pseudomonas aerugenosa and 29.41 % Staphylococcus epidermis. Gram negative bacteria represented 52 % of total identified clinical bacteria while Gram positive bacteria represented about 48 % of total identified clinical ones.