الفهرس 
Carbon tetrachlorideOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pollution is the most serious of all environmental problems and
poses a major threat to health and well-being of people, animals and global
ecosystem.Other major environmental problems are also partly caused by pollution.
Many environmental pollutants affect the activity, production and life of animals.
OBJECTIVE: We studied the protective and treatment effects of vitamin E,
silymarin, and N. sativa oil against hepatotoxicity of an environmental pollutants as
carbon tetrachloride. DESIGN: 160 Wister albino rats were divided into two main
groups, the first contained 100 rats and subdivided into five equal subgroups,
subgroup I orally administered CCl4 2ml/kg b.w, subgroups II, III, IV orally
administered Vitamin E, silymarin and N. sativa oil respectively with CCl4 in the
same time, subgroup V kept as a control and administered olive oil only.Group two
contained 60 rats, 12 of them kept as a control without any treatment, the other 48 rats
orally administered CCl4 2ml/kg b.w twice per week for four weeks then those rats
subdivided into four equal subgroups, I, II, III were treated with vitamin E, silymarin,
N. sativa oil, respectively for six weeks after stoppage of CCl4
administration.Subgroup IV left without treatment by any antioxidants RESULTS:
Carbon tetrachloride is a potential hepatotoxic pollutant induced marked and highly
significant elevation in serum ALT, AST, AP, total bilirubin, cholesterol and
triglycerides levels and also highly significant elevation in hepatic MDA . Also CCl4
induced highly significant reduction in hepatic reduced glutathione, catalse and SOD
activities in comparing with control vehicle rats in experiment I. CCl4 alone caused
significant fatty and hyDROPic degenerative changes in the affected liver with massive
necrosis of hepatocytes and loss of hepatic tissue architecture and parenchymal
disarrangement. Renal changes were observed as renal tubular necrosis, cloudy
swelling with presence of cellular necrotic and hyaline casts in the tubular lumen,
with atrophy in many glomerular tufts.The coadministration of the different types of
tested antioxidants with CCl4 or the treatment of CCl4 induced toxicity in rats,
induced reduction in structural and functional injury of hepatocytes and clearly
exerted hepatoprotective and curative effects which observed from reduction in serum
ALT, AST, AP, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and hepatic MDA levels with
elevation in hepatic content of reduced glutathione, catalse and SOD activities. These
with improvement the hepatic and renal pathological lesions. CONCLUSION: The
present observations suggested that the administration of vitamin E, silymarin, and N.
sativa oil in the same time with CCl4 or after CCl4 induced toxicity protected,
improved and enhanced the recovery of liver damage induced by CCl4 depending on
the antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activity of them.The present
data denote that silymarin possesses more potent protective and curative effects
against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity followed by N. sativa oil and lastly vitamin E.