الفهرس 
Liver disodersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Over view
According to estimates of The World Health Organization,80 %
of the world population is primarily relation on traditional methods of
healing which use empirical knowledge based on the use of medicinal
plants ( Mueller and Mechler,2005). Phytotherapy is the treatment
and prevention of disease using plants,plant parts, such as leaves,
flowers, roots,fruits, and seeds and preparations made from them ,
theses plants called medicinal plants , or herbs ( Weiss and
Fintelmann,2000)
Aime of study
The main objective of the present study was studying the effect
of some locally available cheap medicinal plants seeds for treating the
liver disorders, after knowing their active constituents and their
biological activities,using experimental animals (rats).
Materials and Methods
1- Investigated Samples:
This investigation is used five (5) species of some medicinal
plants seeds as(Cumin, Curcuma longa, Fenugreek, Raphanus sativus
and Cyperus esculentus) which were used by 5 % , 10% basal diet.
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Summarry
2- Experimental Animals ( Rats):
Seventy two ( 72 ) Sprague Dawley strain were obtained from
the Laboratory of Animal Colony, Ministry of Health and
Population, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt. weighting (250-260 )g , were
used in this study. All rats were fed the control (casein) diet for 6
consecutive days. Each rat was housed in an individual stainless
steel cage under controlled condition. Diets were introduced to rats
in a special non-scattering feeding cup to avoid loss of food and
contamination. Tap water was provided to rats by mean of glass
tubes projecting through wire cages from inverted bottles supported
to one side of the cage. The rats were divided into (12 ) groups, 6
rats in each group which were feeding on experimental diets for (
28) days .
3- Induction of liver disorder by carbon tetra chloride (CCl4):
The rats were treated subcutaneous injection with carbon tetra
chloride (CCl4) in paraffin oil 50% v/v (2ml/kg) twice aweek to
induce chronic damage in the liver.
4- The Diet and Grouping of Experimental Animals ( Rats ):
A)First group: (Rats which were induced by CCl4) :
Group 1: ( 6 rats which were induced by CCl4 ) were fed on basal diet
containing Cumin seeds 10%.
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Summarry
Group 2: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Cumin seeds 5% .
Group 3: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Curcuma longa 10 %.
Group 4: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Curcuma longa 5 %.
Group 5: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Fenugreek seeds 10 %.
Group 6: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Fenugreek seeds 5% .
Group 7: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Cyperus esculentus seeds 10%
Group 8: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Cyperus esculentus seeds 5%.
Group 9: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Raphanus sativus seeds 10%
Group 10: (6 rats which were induced by CCl4) were fed on basal
diet containing Raphanus sativus seeds 5%.
Group 11: Control positive group C+, was fed on basal diet
only (non treated rats).
B) Second group: (normal rats)
· Group 12: control group (control negative) 6 rats were fed on
basal diet for 28 days.
Rats were weighted at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.
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Summarry
5- Biological Evaluation:
Biological evaluation of the different diets was
carried out by determination of food intake( FI ) , food
efficiency ratio ( FER ) and body weight gaine(BWG % ).
6- Biochemical Analysis:
At the end of the experiment ,rats were fasted (12) hours and
anesthetized with di-ethyl ether . blood samples were collected in
clean dry centrifuge tubes for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm from hepatic
portal vein. All blood samples except the used samples for complete
blood count (CBC) were collected in ethylene diamine tetra acetic
acid ( EDTA )as anticoagulant . .Also blood samples for determination
of prothrombin time (P.T) were collected in 3.8% sodium citrate
solution as anticoagulant . Serum was carefully separated and
transferred in to dry clean ebendrof tubes and kept frozen at -(20ºC)
until the time of analysis. The following analysis as: C.B.C, serum
liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and GGT ) , prothrombin time (P.T ),
serum proteins ( T.P,Alb,Glob and A/G ratio ) serum alpha fetoprotein
(AFP),Serum lipids (T.G, T.C, HDL, LDL and VLDL ),kidney
functions ( S. U and S. CR ).
7- Organs Weight:
The liver,kidney ,heart,spleen and lungs were removed, cleaned
in saline solution and dried then weighted and kept formalin solution .
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8- Histopathological Examination:
Liver and Kidney sections obtained from rats supplemented with
plants seeds, control negative and control positive were studied
histopathologically.
9- Statistical Analysis:
Statistical analysis were performed by using computer program
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), and compared with
each other using the suitable tests.
Results
1- FI,FER and B.W.G % :
Effects of some plants seeds on food intake, efficiency ratio and
body weight gain of control positive and different groups on rats
which were induced by CCl4 were studied.Results that food
intake(FI) of fenugreek seeds (10%) ,Curcuma longa seeds 10%,
cumin 5 % and Raphanus sativus seeds (10 %) treatments improved
as compared with control positive .
As for as data notice that ( F E R ) for groups fed on fenugreek
seeds (10%) , Curcuma longa seeds (10%) and cumin 10%
treatments showed a good effect on rats as compared with control
positive.
Data also notice that ( B . W. G % ) for groups fed on fenugreek
seeds (10%) , Curcuma longa seeds (10%) , Cyperus esculentus
seeds (10%) and cumin 5% treatments showed a good effect on rats
as compared with control positive.
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Summarry
2- Complete Blood Count ( C.B.C ):
The results revealed that the highest value of Hemoglobien
was obtained from rats fed on fenugreek seeds (5%
or10%),Cyperus esculentus seeds (5% ), Raphanus stavius 10 %,
cumin 5 % and Curcuma longa seeds 10%. While the lowest value
of Hemoglobien for control positive ( Rats pretreated with CCl4
and fed on basal diet ).
3- Serum Liver Enzymes :
Data found that( AST ) for groups fed on Curcuma longa
seeds 10% or 5 % ,fenugreek seeds 10% and cumin 5 % treatments
showed a good effect on rats as compared with control (+).
As for as (ALT), groups fed on Curcuma longa seeds 10%, or
fenugreek seeds 10% or 5 % treatments showed a good effect on rats
as compared with control (+).
As for as (ALP), groups fed on Cumin seeds 10% or Curcuma
longa (10 %) and Raphanus sativus seeds (5 % or 10 % ) treatments
showed a good effect on rats as compared with control (+).
Also (GGT), content groups fed on Curcuma longa seeds 5%
or 10% Raphanus sativus seeds (10 % ) or fenugreek seeds 10 %
treatments showed a good effect on rats as compared with control (+).
4- Prothrombin Time :
The results showed that groups of rats which fed on diets
containing Curcuma longa seeds 10% , fenugreek seeds (5 % or 10
% ) were the highest value . while the lowest value were obtained
from groups which fed on Cyperus esculentus 10 %.
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Summarry
5- Serum Bilirubin :
The lowest T.BIL value was obtained for rats fed on Curcuma
longa seeds 10%, while the highest value of T.BIL for rats fed on
Cyperus esculentus seeds (10 % ), Fenugreek seeds 10 %, cumin
10%. Also, D.BIL ,data indicated that rats fed on Curcuma longa
10 % or 5% were equalled with control (-), and I.BIL the highest
value was obtained from rats fed on Fenugreek seeds 10 %
,Curcuma longa 10%.
6- Serum Proteins:
The results indicated that groups which were fed on diets
containing plants seeds 10% treatments showed a good effect on rats
as compared with control positive .
7-Serum Alpha Feto-Protein (AFP):
The results revealed that S.AFP level of control positive was
higher than control negative and all plants seeds tested used in this
work lead to clear improvement in S.AFP level.
8- Serum Lipids :
Data notice that a littel difference between groups which were fed
on diets contaning plants seeds also, it found that groups were fed on
plants seeds 10 % treatments showed a good effect on serum lipids of
rats when compared with control positive group .