الفهرس 
HISTOLOGICAL ANDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
H
eart Failure is one of the most important morbidities affecting populations allover the world particularly in the elderly.
Chronic heart failure is a syndrome that evolves from damage to the myocardium resulting in reduction in left ventricular function whether from a persistant overload, such as hypertension or from loss of myocardium as myocardial infarction.
Natriuretic peptides are a family of naturally occurring counter regulatory molecules that represent a relatively favorable aspect of neurohormonal activation.
B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) is an endogenously secreted hormone constitutively released by the heart under conditions of increased pressure or volume overload
They reduce cardiac preload by causing vasodilatation, reduce sympathetic nervous tone and induce natriuresis.
The plasma BNP level has been shown to be useful in distinguishing cardiac from noncardiac causes of dyspnea, and provides prognostic information in patients with chronic heart failure .The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) suggest that BNP assays are a useful adjunct to clinical assessment.
Patients with LVSD, Pro BNP and LAVI are high and correlate with the severity of LVSD.
Left atrial size or volume is an important determinant of LA pressure, cardiac function, and prognosis.
In this study, 30 patients were submitted to clinical history and examination; blood samples were taken and sent to the laboratory to investigate Pro BNP, renal function tests, hemoglobin percent. Twelve leads E.C.G. were done for all patients to detect any abnormality and to exclude patients with atrial fibrillation.
Echocardiograghy performed for all the patients to detect EF less than 45% and to measure LAVI by Biplane area length method.
In current study there is statistically significant increase in serum Pro BNP and in echocardiographic value of LAVI correlated to low (EF%) indicating the prognostic impact of both of them in patients with LVSD.