الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT5
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Abstract
Lornoxicam is a member of the oxicam class of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. It is often used for the treatment of inflammatory disease of the joints, osteoarthritis, pain following surgery and pain in the lower back and hip which travels down the back of the thigh into the leg (sciatica)(1).
Lornoxicam is available in the market as tablet (4-8mg/tablet) and injection (15mg/ml) e.g XEFO ® .
In recent years, to avoid the enormous side effects of NSAIDs, significant interest has been shown development of bioadhesive dosage forms for the delivery of drugs to the buccal cavity for the treatment of different diseases.
The present work has aimed to formulate lornoxicam as buccal bioadhesive patches which would release the drug in a sustained manner and adequate concentraion at the target site using non-ionic, and cationic polymers.
In addition, the effect of ageing on the mucoadhesive characteristics, the in vitro release pattern, permeability study, bioavailability and clinical evaluation of selected patches were investigated.
This thesis considered the following objectives:
1-Physicochemical Compatability Studies:
The compatibility of lornoxicam with certain bioadhesive polymers was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) techniques. The investigation was made on HEC, NaCMC, chitosan, HPC, gelatin, sodium alginate, HPMC and PVA. This was achieved by comparing the DSC and IR curves of lornoxicam and the investigated polymers, with those of the physical mixtures of lornoxicam and each of the investigated polymers.
2-Formulation and Evaluation of the Buccal Patches:
Lornoxicam buccoadhesive patches were prepared by solvent casting technique, using different bioadhesive polymers such as sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxy propylcellulose and sodium alginate, chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol. The prepared patches were evaluated for the followings:
2.1. Mass Uniformity and Patch Thickness: The results indicated that all the prepared patches were uniform in regards to all the tested properties.
2.2. Surface pH of the Patches: The surface pH of the patches was determined and found to be within satisfactory limits so the prepared pactches could not cause any irritation to the buccal mucosa.
2.3. Folding Endurance of the Patches: The recorded folding endurance of all patches was > 200 times, which is considered satisfactory to reveal good film properties.
2.4. Adhesion Time : The adhesion time of the patches was measured using rabbit buccal mucosa as a model membrane. the residence time is primarily dependent on the dissolution rate of the polymer. Among the formulations containing different polymers, those containing HEC, HPC, NaCMC exhibited high adhesion time followed by those containing HPMC, sodium alginate, gelatin but chitosan and P.V.A showed low adhesion time.