الفهرس 
DEFINITION OF HEART FAILUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The clinical syndrome of heart failure is the final pathway for myriad diseases that affect the heart. Discoveries from basic research and findings from key clinical trials have resulted in considerable change in the scope of therapies available and the continuing advancement of our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure.
Heart failure is the reason for at least 20 percent of all hospital admissions among persons older than 65. Over the past decade, the rate of hospitalizations for heart failure has increased by 159 percent. End points of large randomized trials now include the effect of the studied intervention on the rate of hospital admissions (Foody JM., JAMA 2002).
Multiple clinical trials completed during the past 15 years have unequivocally shown a substantial reduction in mortality for patients with systolic heart failure. Simultaneously, however, large epidemiologic surveys, such as the ongoing Framingham Study, have not documented any meaningful change in overall death rates. (Konstam MA, Circulation 2000).