الفهرس 
3-REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. It is not a disease but a metabolic derangement that can be caused by many diseases, notably cardiovascular disease. It is closely related to the terms ”hyperlipidemia” (elevated levels of lipids in the blood) and hyperlipoproteinemia” (elevated levels of lipoproteins in the blood). World Health Organization stated that, at least 171 million people world wide suffer from diabetes, or 2.8% of the population in the year of 2000. Its incidence is increasing rapidly, and it is estimated that by 2030, this number will almost double. Diabetes mellitus occurs throughout the world, but is more common (especially type 2) in the more developed countries. White berry (Morus alba), known as white mulberry, is a short-lived, fast-growing,small to medium sized mulberry tree, which grows to 10–20 m tall. The species is native to northern China, and is widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. It is known as Hindi,Tuta in Sanskrit and Tuti in Marathi. Black mulberry (Morus nigra), known as is a species of mulberry. It is native to< >southwestern Asia, where it has been cultivated for so long that its precise natural range is unknown. Black mulberry has long been cultivated for its edible fruit and is planted and often naturalised west across much of Europe,including Ukraine, and east into China. Therefore, the present study aims to magnificent the using of berries (leaves and fruits) on food technology and therapeutic nutrition through study the effect of its fruits and leaves on clinical changes of hypercholesterolmic and diabetic rats.Fifty two Sprague Dawley white male albino rats, weighing about
150 ± 10g were used in the study. The animals were obtained from Helwan Experimental Animals Station. Rats were housed in wire cages under the
normal laboratory condition and fed on basal diet for a week as adaptation
period. Diet was given in non- scattering feeding cups to avoid loss or
contamination of food, water was provided to the rats by means of glass
tubes projecting through the wire cage from an inverted bottle supported to
one side of the cage.
The rats were divided into 13 groups each of 4 rats. The groups
of rats were as follows: Group (1):Control negative group, in which the
normal rats fed on basal diet (control (-).
Group (2): Hypercholesterolemic, control positive group, in which injected
rats fed on basal diet (control +).
Group (3): Hypercholesterolemic group fed on basal diet + 5% black berry
Group (4): Hypercholesterolemic group fed on basal diet + 10%black berry.
Group (5): Hypercholesterolemic group fed on basal diet + 5% white berry.
Group (6): Hypercholesterolemic group fed on basal diet + 10% white berry.
Group (7): Hypercholesterolemic group fed on basal diet + leaves of berry.
Group (8): Hyperglycemic control positive group, in which alloxan injected
rats fed on basal diet (control +).
Group (9): Hyperglycemic group fed on basal diet + 5% black berry.
Group (10): Hyperglycemic group fed on basal diet + 10% black berry .
Group (11): Hyperglycemic group fed on basal diet + 5% white berry .
Group (12): Hyperglycemic group fed on basal diet + 10% white berry .
Group (13): Hyperglycemic group fed on basal diet + leaves of berry.
from all the previously mentioned groups, blood samples were
collected after 12 hour fasting at the end of the experiment. Using the retro -
orbital method by means of a micro capillary glass tubes, blood was
collected into a dry clean centrifuge tube and left to clot in a water bath
(37ºC) at room temperature for half an hour. The blood was centrifuged for
10 minutes at 3000 r.p.m. to separate the serum. A pare of Serum was
subsected to glucose determination and the reminder was carefully aspirated
and transferred into clean quit fit plastic tubes and kept frozen at (20ºC) until
analysis. The organs (liver, kidney, heart) were removed and washed in
saline solution, weighted and kept in formalin solution (10%). Biochemical
analysis were determined (Serum glucose , Serum lipids fractions ,Serum
GPT, GOT,ALP and serum urea ,creatinine, U. acid ). Liver ,kidney ,and
heart were studying histopathologically . Statistical analysis were calculated
using one way classification.
The obtained data could be summarized as follow:
The protein, fat, ash, fiber and carbohydrates content in mulberry
were recorded 20.10, 1.10, 16.30, 12.0 and 50.50, respectively.
Effect of different level of Black white mulberries and their leaves on
(BWG), (FI), (FER) and relative organs weight of Hypercholesterolmic
rats.
The control normal rats (-ve) recorded 81.75±2.50 g for BWG which
decreased by the rate of 32.72% as the result of cholesterol diet feeding.
Adding of black (5 and 10 %) and white (5 and 10 %) berries as well as
their leaves to the basal diets leads to significant increase in BWG by the
ratio of 20.45, 13.64, 12.73, 36.36 and 56.36 % respectively. The control
normal (-ve) rats liver (%) was 3.68±0.3% for liver which decreased by the
rate of -22.82 as the result of cholesterol diet feeding . Adding of black (5
and 10 %) and white (5 and 10 %) berries as well as their leaves to the
basal diets leads to significant increase in liver by the ratio of
7.43,4.05,3.37,11.82 and 13.51 % respectively. The same data indicated that
control (-ve) normal rats heart %was 0.35±0.03% for heart which decreased
by the rate of -20.00. Adding of black (5 and 10 %) and white (5 and 10 %)
berries as well as their leaves to the basal diets leads to significant increase
in heart by the ratio of 17.85,17.85,21.42,7.14 and 21.42 % respectively.
Effect