الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the harmful effects that occur
after application of both para-phenylenediamine and sodium lauryl sulfate on
the skin of rabbits, and also the role of antioxidants (antox) to protect the skin
of rabbits from these compounds.
These present studies were performed on 30 rabbits divided into five
groups, each group six rabbits. Group (1) : control rabbits, Group (2) painted
with sodium lauryl sulfate in a concentration of 7.5 %, Group (3) painted with
sodium lauryl sulfate and administrated antox in a dose of 2mg/animal/day in
the diet, Group (4) painted with para-phenylenediamine in a concentration of
2% , Group (5) painted with para-phenylenediamine and administrated antox.
The experiment lasts for six months after this period all animals were
slaughtered, blood samples and tissue samples were collected from skin,
kidneys, liver, spleen, lung, heart, and subcutaneous muscle. Blood samples
were used to study the total leucocytic and differential leucocytic count, while
tissues samples were prepared for histopathological, semithin sections and
morphometric studies. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.
Statistical analysis of leucocytic and differential leucocytic count revealed
that there was a highly significant increase in the TLC and the percentage of
eosinophil cells in the group of rabbits treated with PPD and PPD+ antox
when compared with the control group.
Morphmetric analysis of tissue samples obtained from the skin revealed that
the thickness of all layers of the skin including dermis, epidermis and the
keratinized layer was highly significant increased in the group treated with
SLS and SLS+ antox group when compared to normal.
Macromorphological changes including wide area of alopecia, thickening
and wrinkling of the skin together with roughening and scaling of the area at
the site of application of sodium lauryl sulfate were reported. Sever prominent
congestion of the subdermal blood vessels were frequently reported in
slaughtered rabbits. The lesion pointed to the fact that SLS must be considered
as a skin irritant and could induce eczema and dermatitis.
The histopathological changes after sodium lauryl sulfate application
revealed some epidermal changes involved the stratum spinosum, stratum
granulosum, stratum lucidum and keratinized layer. Hyperkeratosis,
acanthosis and necrosis was diagnosed histopathologically in these layers. The
necrotic changes resulted in formation of crusts and scales that desiccated
with cracking or detached leading to ulceration of skin, but in most cases only
erosion are formed as most of the proliferating stratum spinosum is still intact.
In some cases a masses of destroyed hair were accumulated on the skin.
Necrotic folliculitis and perifolliculitis of the hair follicles, hyperemia of
the blood vessels and infiltration of large number of inflammatory cells
especially neutrophils and eosinophils in dermis were the most important
dermal micro morphological changes associated with SLS application. A
feature pointed to the diagnosis of contact or atopic dermatitis.
Para-phenylenediamine when applied to the skin was associated with black
colored hair and the hair was weak and fall down leaving large area of
alopecia, necrosis of the skin was also reported. It had been also reported that
administration of antox did not inhibit the development of gross skin lesions
in both SLS and PPD treated groups.
In group of rabbits treated with PPD the dermis was seriously damaged than
the epidermis. Changes of epidermis include destruction of hair, defective
keratinization and atrophy of keratinocytes were reported. Intense
inflammatory reaction which was sometimes extending to the underlying
subcutaneous muscular layer was reported in the dermis. Esinophile cells were
a prominent component of the exudates with folliculitis and perifollicultis.
These Features suggest allergic contact dermatitis. Administration of antox
did not protect rabbits against the dermotoxic effect of either SLS or PPD (did
not prevent the development of contact or allergic contact dermatitis)
respectively. Presence of macrophage cells containing particles of the dye in
the dermis that represent absorption of the dye through skin.
In group of rabbits treated with SLS revealed pathological affections
correlated with the toxic effects of this compound on the internal organs.
These affections could be diagnosed as a mild focal toxic hepatitis and
cholangitis, mild focal proliferative glomerulonephritis, focal interstitial
pneumonia and spleenitis with a moderate increase in the lymphoid population
of the white pulp.
Interstitial tubulonephritis, toxic hepatitis, myocarditis, rhabdomyolysis,
focal interstitial pneumonia and spleen haemosiderosis were the most
important pathological affections reported in rabbits as a result of absorption
of PPD through skin after application and reaching the circulation.
Administration of antox did not inhibit these pathological affections.