الفهرس 
Calcium, Phosphate and PTHOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cardiovascular risk in renal insufficiency is perceived as an important public health. Prevention and treatment strategies demand precise knowledge of risk factors and of the possibility of modifying them with appropriate treatments.
Uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia and high calcium phosphate product constitute risk factors for cardiovascular calcifications, cardiac ischemia, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet alterations in phosphate and in calcium metabolism do not represent the sole cause of vascular calcifications in ESRD patients.
Patients on HD frequently experience cardiovascular events associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. Besides the traditional risk factors, other factors known to contribute to vascular calcification are elevated serum phosphate and PTH and an elevated calcium x phosphate product.
The current study aimed to study the incidence of aortic arch calcification among hemodialysis patients and its relation with echocardiographic findings.
The current study proved the correlation between several risk factors like hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia and their relation to aortic calcification.
The echocardiographic findings were related to the biochemical and radiological findings.
This study confirmed the increase in AAC incidence in renal failure patients on dialysis (47% of studied patients had AAC) as shown in the plain chest X-ray.
The laboratory investigations showed an increase in the levels of serum calcium and phosphorus as well as PTH.
The echocardiographic examination showed increased incidence of LVH (67.02%) and valve lesions (14.89%) in AAC patients