الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station Farm of Faculty of Agriculture (Saba–Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt, during 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 growing seasons.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mineral, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilization on growth, yield and yield components and chemical composition in two wheat cultivars to identify packages of bio and organic manure fertilizers to improve wheat productivity and minimizing pollution
The experimental in the two growing seasons was split–split plot design with four replications.
The experiments included 40 treatments, which were the combinations of two cultivars, five mineral and organic fertilizers levels and four biofertilizers. Wheat cultivars were allocated in the main plots, both mineral and organic fertilizers were allocated in the sup-plots and biofertilizer treatments were allocated in the sub-sub plots.
The experimental treatment can described as follows:
A. Main plots (cultivars) :
1. Sakha 93
2. Gemmiza 7
B. Sup-plots (mineral and organic fertilizers) :
• F1 100 % Organic Fertilizer (The recommended dose of compost from solid waste).
• F2 25 % Mineral Fertilizers + 75 % Organic Fertilizer.
• F3 50 % Mineral Fertilizers + 50 % Organic Fertilizer.
• F4 75 % Mineral Fertilizers + 25 % Organic Fertilizer.
• F5 100 % Mineral Fertilizers (The recommended doses of NPK).
The recommended doses of NPK (100 % Mineral Fertilizer) were applied at the levels as follows:
Nitrogen fertilizer was added in three doses at a rate of 100 kg N/fed.( the recommended doses) where, 20 kg N/fed were added at sowing time, 40 kg N/fed added at the first irrigation (25 days after sowing) and the third dose 40 kg N /fed. were applied 25 days after the first irrigation. In the two experiments N fertilizer added in the form of ammonium nitrate (33.5% N).
Super phosphate fertilizer (15.5 % P2O5) was applied before sowing at the rate of 150kg/fed.( The recommended doses ).
Potassium fertilizer was applied before sowing (during seedbed preparation) at a rate of 50 kg/fed in the form of potassium sulphate (48% K2O) (The recommended doses).
The compost from solid waste as organic fertilizer was obtained from Abis1 Factory in the form of fine compost. Organic fertilizer which applied at a rate of 8 ton/fed was added and well mixed with the soil two weeks before sowing, raked it lightly at a depth of 10-15 cm.
C. Sub-sub plots (Biofertilizers):
1. Without inoculation (control)
2. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (Azos.) (7.2 X 106 cell/ml)
3. Inoculation with soil yeast (Candida tropicales)
4. Azos + yeast.
The microbial inoculants were kindly supported by Department of Microbiology of National Research Center.
Wheat growing samples were determined at different stages of growth; i.e. before heading stage (75 DAS), heading growth stage (96 DAS) and milk stage (117 DAS) to study the following characters.
1- Growth:
The following growth attributes records to be used in the estimation of physiological parameters.
A. Growth characters:
1. Plant height (cm).
2. Number of tillers / plant.
3. Total dry weight (g / plant).
4. Leaf area (cm2).
5. Leaf area index (LAI).
6. Flag leaf area (cm2).
7. Specific leaf weight (SLW) (mg/cm2).
B. Growth analysis:
1. Net assimilation rate (NAR) (mg/cm2/day).
2. Crop growth rate (CGR) (mg/cm2/day).
3. Relative growth rate (RGR) (g/g/day).
2. Yield and its components :
1. Plant height (cm).
2. Number of tillers / m2.
3. Spike length (cm).
4. Number of spikes / m2.
5. Number of. grains / spike.
6. Weight of. grains / spike (g).
7. Number of spikelets / spike.
8. 1000 - grains weight.
9. Grain yield (ton/fed).
10. Straw yield (ton/fed).
11. Biological yield (ton/fed).
12. Harvest index (%).
3- Grain quality:
1- Total nitrogen percentage.
2- Phosphorus content percentage.
3- Potassium content percentage.
4- Grain protein percentage.
The most important results could be summarized as follows:
5.1. Effect of cultivars:
5.1.1. Growth:
A. Growth characters:
Data at 75 DAS cleared that, plant height, dry weight/plant, leaf area, leaf area index and specific leaf weight in both seasons were significantly affected by wheat cultivars.
The differences between cultivars on plant height, dry weight/plant, leaf area, leaf area index and flag leaf area in both growing seasons and number of tillers/plant in the first season were significant at the second growth stage (96 DAS).
At the three growth stage, all growth characters were significantly affected by wheat cultivars except number of tillers/plant in the first season and flag leaf area in both seasons.
Gemmiza 7 cultivar at the three mentioned stages of growth gave higher plant height, number of tillers/plant, dry weight/plant (g) leaf area, leaf area index, flag leaf area and specific leaf weight than Sakha 93.
B. Growth analysis:
Differences between cultivars were significant on net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR) and Relative growth rate (RGR) in both seasons at growth interval of 96-117 DAS.
The obtained results indicated that at the second growth interval (96-117 DAS) NAR significantly affected by wheat cultivars.
At the second growth interval Sakha 93 cultivar recorded higher NAR in both seasons than Gemmiza 7 cultivar.
The highest mean values of CGR and RGR was recorded by Gemmiza 7 at growth interval of 96-117 DAS in both seasons.
5.1.2. yield and its components:
Plant height, spike length, number of spike/m2, number of grains/spike, weight of grains/spike, number of spikelets/spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield (ton/fed), straw yield (ton/fed) , biological yield (ton/fed) and harvest index (%) in both season were significantly affected by wheat cultivars.
Gemmiza 7 cultivar significantly surpassed Sakha 93 cultivar in all characters under study except number of spike/m2, grain yield (ton/fed), and harvest index in both seasons.