الفهرس 
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Abstract
The strength and behavior of bi-axially loaded battened beam-column
has been studied theoretically and experimentally in this thesis. The
behavior and strength of battened column members composed of
slender angle sections are mainly governed by leg angle local
buckling. On the other hand, the local buckling of the angle between
batten plates depends on the interaction between the width-tothickness
ratio of leg angle, overall slenderness ratio of angle
between batten plates and overall slenderness of column.
Twenty tested specimens varied in their plate element widththickness
ratio and covered short and medium member slenderness.
The angles were assembled with batten plates by means of bolts.
Measurements of residual stresses and geometrical imperfections are
carried out. The measured geometric imperfections and residual
stresses are included in the numerical model. Finally, the test results
have been compared with those of non-linear finite element model,
and also with the predicted ultimate strengths determined by the
American, European and Egyptian specifications. Results show that,
the interaction between slender outstanding width-thickness ratios,
overall angle slenderness and overall column slenderness decrease the strength of battened columns. The results of the bolted finite
element model are in reasonable agreement with test results that
neglect the effect of bolt holes.
The theoretical study has been carried by a nonlinear finite element
model that takes into account material and geometric nonlinearities.
Numerous slender battened column sections having different width-
to-thickness leg angle ratios, slenderness ratios between batten plates
and overall slenderness ratios are chosen. Complete ultimate strength
curves are drawn and different failure modes are studied by taking
different member lengths in order to study the different modes of
failure, viz: local, torsional, interactive local-global and overall
buckling.
Strengths of bi-axially loaded battened members are compared with
different formulae. Empirical equations for the effect of shear
deformation factor and ultimate axial load capacities of members
formed of battened slender angle section columns are proposed.
These equations consider the interaction between width-to-thickness
leg angle ratio, slenderness ratio of angle between batten plates and
overall slenderness ratio of battened beam columns.