الفهرس 
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Abstract
Wheat ( Triticum aestivum , L . ) is the main winter cereal crop in Egypt . Local wheat production is insufficient to face the consumption of the population in the short term , it is not feasible to increase the area grown with wheat , thus increasing productivity per unit area through improving cultural practices seems to be the possible mean of reducing the gab between production and consumption .
Despite an increase in wheat production in Egypt from 2.08 to 7.37 million ( 1983-2008) the increase was achieved by increasing wheat area from 1.83 to 2.71 million fed / year and grain yield from 1.50 to 2.71 ton / fed , in the same period. ( FAO 2008) . However , the local production covers only 60٪ of the local consumption wheat reflects the need to import about 40٪ of wheat grains from abroad therefore , Improving the productivity of the crop is a national goal. Also , a great attention should be paid to fill the gap between wheat consumption and production which could be achieved through .
1- Increasing the cultivated area as well as new lands out of the Nile Valley but , it is not practically possible and faced a lot of problems such as water resources
2- Increasing wheat yield per unit area , it is well known that the yield potential of wheat plant can be defined as the total biomass produced or the agriculture important of the crop. The total biomass is a result of the integration of metabolic reaction with plants . Consequently any factor influencing the metabolic activity of the plant at any period of its growth can affect the yield . Metabolic processes in wheat plants are greatly governed by both internal . i.e. genetic make up of the plant and external conditions which are namely climatic and edaphic environmental factors.
Thus , increasing wheat production per unit area can be achieved by breeding and cultivating the promising wheat cultivars and applying the optimum cultural practices such as suitable fertilization .
Nutrition is essential for plant life and yield there for , mineral fertilization is a common agronomic practice that leads to improve productivity . Mineral fertilization includes several elements . however , nitrogen . and phosphor are among the macro elements that used in fertilization .
Nitrogen has been recognized as major elements for plant nutrition . It Ranks the fourth element in the percentages of total dry matter of plant surpassed by carbon , Oxygen and Hydrogen .Egyptian soils are not rich enough to supply plants with their requirements of nitrogen .
Biofertilization is a microbial inoculation applied to seed or soil to increase . soil fertility . by increasing the number of such microorganisms and accelerating Certain microbial processes in the rhizosphere of inoculated plant . Such microbial biological processes change unavailable forms of nutrients into available forms that can be easily assimilated by plants . these biofertilizers are useful for recycling elements reserving natural resources and reducing pollution due to the extensive use of mineral fertilizers, Also they increase