الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Seepage from the polluted streams has a great risk for the ground water contamination and overall environmental situation near the stream. The problem is consisting of three main parts, the first part is the seepage of polluted water from the stream to the ground water , the second part is the effect of using this polluted water in agriculture and the third part is the water losses due to seepage. The main objective of this study is to test the most optimum method for stream lining in order to reduce seepage of polluted water from the stream. In order to achieve that, laboratory experiments have been conducted in order to test two kinds of lining (gabions injected with mortar and pitching with mortar) and compare the results with the natural stream case (without lining). Three types of soil, sandy soil, clayey soil and loamy sand soil were used with each lining cases beside the natural case. These types of lining are suitable for the used types of soil in the experiments and more suitable for resisting seepage. A model of shallow and wide stream was constructed in a glass box having 0.9 m depth of soil below the stream bed. The water was mixed with blue dye which has the same moving behavior as pesticides. The results showed that the most effective method of lining in all types of soil is the gabions injected with mortar. Not only the gabions prevent completely the dye seepage but it was also very effective in reducing water seepage.