الفهرس 
Chapter 1 IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 296 |  |  |
| | | from | 296 | | |
Abstract
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) has gained an important part of the interest of researchers. MANETs are infrastructure-less networks consisting of wireless, possibly mobile nodes which are organized in peerpeer and autonomous fashion. It is ideal for use in scenarios such as battlefield operations, disaster relief and emergency situations where fixed infrastructure is not available for communications and rapid deployment is important. This environment provides substantial challenges for routing. The highly dynamic topologies, limited bandwidth availability and energy constraints make the routing problem a challenging one. This means that all its nodes behave as routers and take part in its discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes in the network. Its routing protocol has to be able to cope with the new challenges that a MANET creates such as nodes mobility. security, quality of service, limited bandwidth and limited power supply. These challenges set new demands on MANET routing protocols.
MANETs have various advantages over a traditional wired networks, e.g., requiring no fixed infrastructure and allowing arbitrary movement and participation of mobile nodes. However, routing in MANETs faces many difficulties, e.g., frequent topology changes and a multiple access medium which is easily interfered by other radio signals. Many MANET routing protocols have been proposed to handle these problems in the past. Unfortunately, they require a considerable amount of undesirable overhead especially in the unstable conditions like failures and mobility. Therefore, we aim at designing a MANET routing protocol which is adaptive against topology changes and decreases delay and overhead.