الفهرس 
Introduction
Normal Sex DifferentiationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Disorders of sexual development (DSD), formerly termed intersex
conditions, are among the most fascinating conditions encountered by the
clinician. The ability to diagnose these conditions has advanced rapidly in
recent years. It is applied to human beings whose biological sex cannot be
determined as either male or female from its outward appearance, and
does not necessarily mean that the person has both male and female
reproductive organs. The sexual organs are ambiguous and has neither the
standard male nor the standard female anatomy.
About 1 percent of live births exhibit some degree of sexual
ambiguity, between 0.1% and 0.2% of live births are ambiguous enough
to become the subject of specialist medical attention
There are several possible causes for the various forms and degrees
of intersexuality: chromosomal, hormonal and enviromental causes.
Logical workup in infants with ambiguous genitalia
include:chromosomal analysis, endocrine screening, serum chemistries,
androgen-receptor level and 5-alpha reductase type II levels, renal/
bladder ultrasonography, genitography, CT scanning and MRI,
exploratory laparotomy/gonadal biopsy, diagnostic laparoscopy/ gonadal
biopsy.
Medical therapy of intersexuals: depends on the underlying cause
such as children with CAH require corticosteroid therapy. Surgical
therapy: depends on the part which can be reconstructed, feminizing
genitoplasty (vaginoplasty and clitoroplasty) is recommended in virilized
females and surgical reconstruction of hypospadias is recommended in
undervirilized males.
Psychosocial care: important to maintain the normal life for
intersexuals.