الفهرس 
Chapter I : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is the most popular prawn species used for commercial farming. At the global level, people have understood the bad effect of chemical products and they are now shifting to natural products . Plants are the store houses and sources of safer and cheaper compounds. Herbal preparations are prescribed to cure various diseases. Natural plant products have been reported to promote various activities like antistress, growth promotion, appetite stimulation, tonic and immunostimulation, and to have antimicrobial properties in finfish and shrimp.In this study, A total of about 300 M. rosenbergii Juveniles with average body weight 0.3±0.1g were obtained from Maryout Project And Company for fish farms, Alexandria, Egypt. This batch was used to study the effect of Zingiber officinalis and Cyanodon dactylon supplementation on the growth performance, immune response, tolerance to high water pH (9.5) and Histopathology of M. rosenbergii.The study was divided into two main experiments:• Experiment 1: was designed to Evaluate of immunostimulating and growth promoting effect of 1.5 & 3% Zingiber officinalis and 2 &4 % Cyanodon dactylon on M. rosenbergii.• Experiment 2: was designed to study the effect of high rearing water pH (9.5) and feeding 1.5 & 3% Zingiber officinalis and 2 &4 % Cyanodon dactylon on growth performance and immune response of M. rosenbergii.• Histopathological examination was performed for all groups of experiment (1 and 2 ).The effect of 1.5 & 3% Zingiber officinalis and 2 &4 % Cyanodon dactylon on growth performance was done by measuring Average body weight (ABW), Average body length (ABL), Specific growth rate (SGR), Condition factor (K), Weight gain rate (WGR), Length gain rate (LGR), Feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks from start of feeding. Results showed that both Zingiber officinalis and Cyanodon dactylon increased the growth parameters of M. rosenbergii significantly along the experiment period, with the highest increase for 3% Z. officinalis at 4 and 5 weeks from the start of feeding.Regarding the effect of 1.5 & 3% Zingiber officinalis and 2 &4 % Cyanodon dactylon on survival of M. rosenbergii. Dead juveniles were counted daily. Results showed that the survival rate of M. rosenbergii among all groups in each period of time was similar (100%).The effect of 1.5 & 3% Zingiber officinalis and 2 & 4 % Cyanodon dactylon on immune response was evaluated through measuring Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Hemocyte viability (HV), Differential Hemocyte Count (DHC) and Hemocytes phagocytosis at 4 and 5 weeks from start of feeding. Results revealed that both Zingiber officinalis and Cyanodon dactylon increased the immune parameters of M. rosenbergii significantly, with the highest increase of THC for group supplemented with 1.5% Z. officinalis at 5 weeks from the start of feeding. In addition, the highest increase of HV was for group supplemented with 1.5% Z. officinalis and group fed with 4 % C. dactylon at 5weeks from the start of feeding. Also, the highest increase of SGHR was for group supplemented with 3% Z. officinalis and group fed with 4 % C. dactylon at 4weeks from the start of feeding. Moreover, the highest increase of PI was for group supplemented with 4 % C. dactylon at 5 weeks from the start of feeding. While, the highest increase of PR was for group supplemented with 2 % C. dactylon at 4 weeks from the start of feeding. Study also revealed that SGH were the most predominant cell in M. rosenbergii.Regarding the effect of 1.5 & 3% Zingiber officinalis and 2 &4 % Cyanodon dactylon on tolerance of to high water pH (9.5) M. rosenbergii, juveniles in experiment 2 were reared in water with pH (9.5) which is considered a stressful condition for M. rosenbergii and then the previous growth performance and immune response parameters were measured. Results not only showed that both Zingiber officinalis and Cyanodon dactylon were effective in tolerating the high water pH but also increased the growth and immune parameters during exposure to high pH, this is indicated by the significant increase in growth performance and immune response parameters in groups of experiment 2 fed with 1.5 & 3% Zingiber officinalis and 2 & 4 % Cyanodon dactylon compared to the control.Histopathological examination of groups fed with 1.5 & 3% Zingiber officinalis and 2 & 4 % Cyanodon dactylon in experiments (1 and 2) was done at 3, 4 and 5 weeks from the start of feeding. Results revealed normal histological structure of hepatopancreas and normal structure of stomach with no detrimental effects except for minor changes. The best results were for groups fed with 3% Zingiber officinalis at 4 weeks from the start of feeding.