الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pain management consists of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The pharmacological methods involve the use of drugs. Otherwise, non-pharmacological ones, an important part of pediatric care, have been widely and successfully used in pain management. These methods consist of a wide variety of approaches which include cognitive-behavioral approaches such as distraction, imagery, hypnosis, and physical approaches such as cold and heat application, and massage.
Significant advances have been made in the field of pain management in the recent years. However and unfortunately, studies have consistently shown that nurses tend to underestimate and undertreat pain in children, and that children continue to suffer unnecessarily.
Children report injection pain as being awful, and it is the most objectionable pain for children in all ages. Moreover, repeated painful procedures are often viewed as the worst aspects of the entire disease experience and they are major source of distress to many children and their families. Rheumatic fever is one of many diseases, which expose school-age children to repeated painful procedures as prophylactic treatment with Benzathine Penicillin G to prevent Rheumatic fever recurrence.
Nurses play an important role in managing children and adolescents’ pain because the nurse spends more time with patients suffering from pain than does any other member of the health team.