الفهرس 
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Abstract
In Egypt, viral hepatitis along with infection with Schistosoma mansoni is the major cause of chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis. We have used three experimental models resembling what is occurring in humans to study both the effect and kinetics of SIL. 1) mice infected with schistosoma cercaria; 2) mice injected with D-GaIN to produce hepatitis model; 3) mice infected with schistomiasis were subjected to D-GaIN injection to produce a new disease model resembling HCV infection occurs on top of bilharziasis in human. Also, we compared the efficacy of SIL either prophylactic or treatment in D-GaIN induced hepatitis in mice. HPLC was used for detection of different SIL component concentrations in different commercial SIL preparations. HPLC also was used for detection of different SIL component concentrations in serum and liver of different experimental models (conjugated and free parts). The disposition of SIL was altered in different experimental disease models. SIL҆s levels increased in the serum while it decreased in the liver. Liver diseases affect drug transporters resulted in decreased liver uptake of SIL from plasma and SIL efflux in biliary tract and affect hepatobiliary circulation
SIL showed antioxidant effects (decreased elevated MDA, and restored depleted GSH), hepatoprotective effects (decreased ALT and AST levels), and anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects (decreased granuloma size and fibrosis % inside the granuloma in addition to reduction of hepatomegaly. In addition, SIL minimize necrosis occurred in D-GaIN induced hepatitis).
Therefore, SIL could be a promising complementary treatment in combination with PZQ to minimize sequelae of bilharziasis alone or in association with HCV infection. It’s also may be beneficial additive in treatment of HCV as add on therapy with peg-interferon and ribavirin. The beneficial effects of SIL are more pronounced when used early in the disease.