الفهرس 
Family and ParentingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Family, which is the smallest unit of the society, has an important place in human life. The happiness and health of individuals are dependent on the preservation of the family in contemporary world. Differences in life outcomes are largely determined by the characteristics of the family, such as its composition and social and economic resources.
One of the fundamental characteristic of the family that has significant and sustaining effects on children is its structure—that is, the number of parents and their relationships to the children in the household. Society has experienced rapid changes in family structure in recent years. The most striking changes are: psychological, social and economic changes stemming from the transition to an industrial society from an agricultural society, the transition to nuclear family from large families, women integration to work outside the home, a decrease in number of children and an increase in number of divorces. Paying serious attention to the influence of family structure on academic and social development is critical as the number of children in non-traditional families continues to increase.
The other characteristic of the family that plays an important role in psychological and physical development of children is the inter-family relationship. Factors such as the development of effective communication between family members, emotional loyalty within family, and the formation of conjugal community are important to create an appropriate environment in which to rear children. When normative parental functions are eroded by conflict or parental discord which may be associated with parental separation, children’s ability to regulate their own emotions and to adopt in socially competent manner can be sorely compromised which means that family interaction and parental behaviors affect the personality development of children. Dysfunctional families exhibit low self-worth, poor communication, and are not linked to their communities. This negative interaction can leave permanent and deep psychological scars on children.
In this essay, the purpose is to determine the characteristics of the healthy family and its effect on the psychological development of children, describe family structure and family interaction and present existing evidence on their association with the child achievement, social misbehaviors, and well-being. When analyzing these data, we will also try to determine the effect of parents on their children through identification of parental elements; which are the parental style and the parental practices, and determination of factors that can affect the parenting process negatively or positively. Also, we will focus on the characteristics of the dysfunctional families and their role in the development of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders and to highlight the family tools that may help the family to have an effective role in the improvement of the psychiatric symptoms in children through using and utilization of family-based intervention programs.