الفهرس 
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Abstract
Much debate concerning female circumcision arose in the last few years in Egypt. These debates were due to conflicting opinions regarding the types and complications of circumcision. Most complications occurred either due to wrong technique or due to over excision of the genital organs. (Lotfy et. Al., 1996). According to Karim and Ammar (1965) female circumcision can be classified into the following 4 degrees.
First degree: - Removal of prepuce covering clitoris and parts of labia minora. Second degree: - Removal of part of clitoris and parts of labia minora. Third degree: - Removal of all clitoris and all labia minora. Fourth degree: - Removal of all clitoris, all labia minora and parts of labia majora (Sudanese type). (Lotfy et al., 1996)
-Aim of the work
To study the effect of female circumcision on maternal outcome and possible complications of labor and delivery.
-Material and methods
This study included 450 patients admitted in labor at Kom-Ombo , Nasr district hospitals in Aswan and Ain Shams university Maternity hospital in Cairo starting from January 1st 2003 till the end of December 2005.and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. These patients were divided into two groups. The first
group included 400 patients with different grades of circumcision; while the other 50 cases were non circumcised (control group). All the patients had full history taken from them and full general, abdominal and vaginal examinations were performed.
-Results
Circumcised patients with grade III and IV had more complications than non circumcised and circumcised patients with grade I and II as regard; prolonged second stage of labor, more instrumental delivery and C.S, Para urethral laceration, all degrees of perineal tears, cervical tears and rupture of the uterus, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal injuries as Erb’s paralysis and cerebral palsy, and as a result of increased
instrumental delivery there were high postpartum wound infections (infected episiotomies and C.S scar)
-Conclusion :
Grade IV and III female circumcision carries high risk for women in labor so cases circumcised with these grades during labor should be considered high risk group, close observation and follow up is necessary to obtain good outcome. While patients circumcised with grade I and II run an ordinary
course