الفهرس 
المقدمهOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the past ten years, a great deal effort has been directed to improve farm
irrigation in Egypt. In order to meet greater demands from agricultural
products because of high population rate, the Egyptian Government has
looked for increasing crop production in both directions the vertical and
horizontal.
In order to increase production in cultivated areas ofNile valley lands,
water resources must be used more carefully to have water available for area
currently not utilized. Unfortunately, the type of irrigation currently used at
the farm level is not well adapted to mechanization because of the large
number of bonds and channels that exist on each feddan. Likewise, farm
water management plays an important role in the vertical direction.
In this respect, precision land levelling improves distribution uniformity
of irrigation and increase yield per unit of water and area. On old lands, the
predominant method of water application is basin irrigation. This method is
used on well levelled or nearly levelled lands that are mandated with-water.
This type of irrigation has a potential for being highly efficient depending on
intake rate of the water discharge rates available for irrigation and the
levelliness of the fields. It is difficult and costly to affect charges in intake and
discharge rates. Precision iand levelling offers the simpiest and perhaps the most effective of farm operation cost and water usage efficiency.