الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Genitourinary surgery has begun to employ laparoscopic techniques for treating almost all varieties of urologic diseases. Laparoscopy, in the past, had been used for primarily diagnostic and extirpative genitourinary procedures; Laparoscopic applications are now being applied towards more technically challenging reconstructive procedures
The application of laparoscopy in management of 25 patients with different ablative procedures including 12 patients of radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy, 4 patients of partial cystectomy, 9 patients of diverticulectomy was feasible and effective both from oncological and functional point of view without positive surgical margin in cases of bladder tumors and adequate safety margin in cases of partial cystectomy. The application of laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in 12 patients with invasive bladder tumor revealed its feasibility and ability to do limited and extended pelvic lymph node dissection within the known surgical boundaries of pelvic lymphadenectomy with lymph nodes yield ranged between 10 to 14 lymph nodes in standard dissection and 16 to 18 lymph nodes in extended dissection respectively with an average operative time in all ablative procedures that is comparable to the open and laparoscopic results in the literature
Laparoscopic reconstructive management of 15 patients with hypocompliant bladder treated with auto augmentation and 21 patients with vesico gynecological fistula including 15 patients with vesico vaginal fistula and 6 patients with vesico uterine fistula revealed high efficacy and safety of treatment with complete cure of all cases and proved the ability of laparoscopy in management of urinary fistula in accord with the basic surgical principle of successful fistula repair
The application of laparoscopy in pediatric lower urinary tract procedures was used in 133 patients including 125 patients with impalpable testis, 5 patients with adolescent varicocele , two cases of gonadectomy in cases of intersex and one patient with enlarged prostatic utricle. The application of laparoscopy was safe, feasible and very effective in both diagnosis and treatment of cases of impalpable testis and intersex cases with minimal morbidity in pediatric population. Minimal post operative complication with no major intraoperative complication reported in any cases indicating the high safety of laparoscopic lower urinary tract procedures especially with experienced surgeons who had progressed in their laparoscopic learning curve.
from the oncological and functional point of view, the results of laparoscopic management of different lower urinary tract tumors or reconstructive procedures for fistula repair or pediatric procedures are encouraging and comparable with contemporary laparoscopic and open series However, it should be mentioned that a great deal of experience with pelvic dissection is required to have the necessary knowledge about anatomic landmarks and, therefore, laparoscopic pelvic surgery should not yet be attempted outside of centers of expertise in laparoscopic surgery.