الفهرس 
Complications of pediatric airwaymanagementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Airway management in pediatric patient presents a special challenge and solutions. Their unique anatomic and physiologic characteristics require familiarity with equipment specially designed for anesthetizing them.
Assessment of airway is essential in the matter of clinical judgment, it includes history, clinical airway examination and the necessary investigations and all of this help in predicating the difficult airway before making the patient unconscious and apneic.
Preparation of various sized tubes, laryngoscopic blades, fibre-optic endoscopes and equipments for retrograde intubation, tracheotomy and urgent other surgical airway techniques should be ensured. Also suitable sizes of masks, oral and nasal airway should be ready and available so we can face any difficulties during airway management in pedaitrics in the operating room.
A number of inherited and acquired pathological syndromes have significant impact on the airway management in this age group. During past years several new devices have been introduced to improve airway management in this age group.
Nowadays, the laryngeal mask airway is a well-accepted airway device in pediatric anesthesia. However, LMA may be associated with partial obstruction of the airway and requires good caution when used in this age group. Recently LMA may allow suctioning of the gastric contents or installation fibre-optic endoscopes through it.
Recently special Redesigned fibre-optic endoscopes for this age group and video-assisted devices have been made for the management of the difficult airway in small children and even prematures.
When all the above techniques fail and intubation seems impossible, it may be better to awaken the child and postpone the surgery. But in face of an impossible airway and if the child is in dire straits (e.g. is obstructed, cyanosed or bradycardic) and control of airway is lost, it is the time of opening of the airway which include; cricothyrotomy, tracheotomy, transtracheal jet ventilation.
Despite these great advancements in pediatric airway management, these children often suffer other multiple diseases, which associated with complications like bradycardia, mild airway trauma and even hypoxemia and cardiac arrest.