الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is originally derived from Latin word (obesus) i.e. to overeat. The modern definition is ”a disease of excess body fat. he most widely accepted measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI) which equals patient weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters. A normal BMI ranges from 18.5-24.5 kg/m2, overweight equals BMI between 25-29.5 kg/m2, obesity equals BMI 30 kg/m2 or higher. Severe obesity is having a BMI greater than 35 kg/m2, and morbid obesity is having a BMI greater than 40 kg/m2 or a BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 with concomitant obesity-related morbidity .The patient is considered superobese with a BMI more than 50 kg/m2 and super-super obese with a BMI more than 60 kg/m2. Morbid obesity is associated with progressive, serious and debilitating co-morbidities such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, accelerated atherosclerosis, debilitating arthritis of weight-bearing joints, hypoventilation, sleep apnea syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, infertility & urinary stress incontinence in females, certain cancers, immobility, psychological & economic problems. Treatment of obesity include diet restriction, behavioral therapy, medical treatment, and surgery. All non surgical treatment regimens have an extremely high rate of failure and surgery is therefore today is the option for treatment of morbid obesity. At the present time a number of different surgical procedures are available for treatment of morbid obese patients. These procedures create weight loss by two mechanisms of action: restriction and malabsorption. Gastric restriction eg, Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, vertical banded gastroplasty, horizontal gastroplasty, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.Malabsorption eg,Jejunocolic bypass ,jejunoileal bypass.combination eg,Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ,Biliopancreatic diversion. Laparoscopic the sleeve gastrectomy is a restrictive intervention consisting of a vertical gastrectomy including the entire greater curvature of the stomach while leaving in place an approximately 100-ml gastric tube along the lesser curvature. This intervention was initially proposed as the first part of a duodenal switch in patients whose body mass index was greater than 60 kg/m2. Since then, these indications have developed and this intervention now enjoys certain favor on the part of bariatric surgery teams. The banding,is placed laproscopically around the upper part of the stomach .The band divides the stomach into a small pouch above the band and larger pouch below the band. The smaller pouch limits the amount of the food the patient can eat with the result of fullness after eating a small amount of food. The opening of the stomach can be increased or decreased by injecting or removing saline from the band.
Objectives: The aim of the work is to review the literature regarding recent updates in surgical management of morbid obesity, with focus on laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.