الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present work, some morphological, agronomical, cytological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of certain garlic clones were studied to evaluate some of the complicated features of the garlic genome specially those of karyotype analysis and genes controlling the gametogenesis.
1. Morphological Studies
Germination percentage of sixteen garlic clones and storage percentage was recorded. Morphological and agronomical characters including plant height (cm), number of leaves, width of leaves (cm), number of flowering plants, the distance between bulbs and bulbils, stem diameter, bulb diameter and number of cloves per bulb were studied at three different dates of cultivation during the respective growing time of garlic.
1. 1. Laboratory experiments
1. 1. 1. Germination percentage
Results showed that the germination percentage values ranged from 13.33% to 100% at September and from 50% to 100% at January with considerable differences. Germinating data indicated the existence of planting period effect on the percentage of germination for most studied garlic clones (e. g. Balady varity was 100% during September, while it decreased to 57% in January).
1.1. 2. Storage percentage
Results showed that the studied clones have considerably varied in terms of storage percentage, which ranged from 95.9% for Balady to 49.4% for Growers clone. The high rates of storage percentage were observed in Balady, Al03, Al05 and Al04 (95.9, 95.7, 93.1 and 90.1% respectively). However, EGA 3, Egaseed I, EGA 2 and Growers clone showed low average of storage percentage (52.9, 52.4, 49.5 and 49.4% respectively).
1. 2. Filed experiment
1.2.1. Morphological traits (before harvesting)
L.S.D. values at 0.05 and 0.01 of plant height, number and width of leaves of the planted garlic clones at three different cultivation dates showed high significant levels of variance in characters of interest among all tested clones.
a- Plant height (cm)
Under condition of the second and third dates of planting, the plant height of all studied clones was significantly higher than that under the first date. Results showed that values of plant height of clones AZO 2, AZO 5 and EGA 5 were high (74.13, 72.09 and 71.27 cm, respectively) whereas Growers clone gave the lowest value ofp.lant height (46.82 cm).
b- Number of leaves
Growers clone showed the highest significant value (9.93) followed by Sids 40 (9.42), Egaseedl (9.27), EGA 2 (9.20) and EGA 1 (9.07) while the lowest value was given by Balady (6.62). Results showed no significant difference in the average number of leaves for the first and second dates of cultivation. It has concluded that there were highly significant differences between the three cultivating dates in number of leaves.
c- Width of leaves (cm)
Egaseed 2(t) showed the highest average of leave width (2.33 cm) in the second date of cultivation. whereas AZO 1 gave the lowest average of leaf width (1.39 cm) in the first cultivation date.
1.2.2. Yield attributing traits (at harvesting)
Some yield attributing traits (bulb diameter, stem diameter and number of cloves per bulb) and the distance between bulbs and bulbils (topsets) were recorded at harvesting. Results showed that values of morphological traits were