الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present work, sorption of copper ions from aqueous solution by pomegranate peel charcoal (PPC) was investigated. The objective of the study was to investigate the feasibility of using an agricultural waste (pomegranate peel) as possible adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. Different variables were studied for their effect on the degree of removal of Cu(II) ions such as: the contact time between Cu(II) ion solution and PPC, initial concentration of Cu(ll) ion solution, amount of adsorbent, particle size of adsorbent, agitation rate and the temperature of the solution. The obtained results can be summarized as follows:
1. The charcoal derived from the pomegranate peel, a by-product of the pomegranate juice industry, has relatively greater adsorption capacity for Cu(Il) and can be used as adsorbent to remove Cu(Il) from aqueous solutions.
2. Increasing the contact time increases the removal of copper ions till it reaches equilibrium. The equilibrium attains in about 120 min.
3. Increasing the initial concentration of Cu(II) ion results in decreasing the percentage removal of copper ions ,increasing the initial concentration from 10 mg/l to 50 mg/l results in decreasing the percentage removal from 60.88% to 31.54% .
4. The adsorption of copper ions increases with increasing the adsorbent amount , doubling the amount of adsorbent added from 2.5 g to 5 g for the same operating ¬conditions raised the percentage removal from 31.54% to 41.07%
5. The metal uptake mechanism is particularly dependent on the particle size of the adsorbent, small particle size gave higher removal. For example, the amounts of .Cu(ll) ion adsorbed were 4.94 and 5.90 mg/g for particle size 0.6-1.2 mm and 0.15¬0.3 mm, respectively.
6. Agitation rate has a significant effect on the adsorption process, as increasing the agitation rate from 60 to 150 rpm doubled the amount of Cu(II) ion adsorbed from 2.66 to 5.4 mg/g.
7. Temperature of the solution is one of the parameters that strongly affect the sorption capacity. High temperature gave better results than room temperature, which means that the adsorption process of Cu(lI) ions by PPC is endothermic process .For initial concentration of 10 mg/l, percentage removal reached 89.24% as temperature increased from 25°C to 55°C.
8. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were obeyed for the sorption of Cu(II) ions on PPC.
9. Adsorption kinetics follows pseudo-second order kinetic model.
10. The recommended optimum conditions for high removal of Cu(ll) using PPC within the experimental ranges of the variables studided were found to be: equilibrium contact time of 120 min, initial Cu(II) concentration of 10 mg/L, PPC dosage of 5 g/L, particle size of 0.15-0.3 mm, agitation rate of 150 rpm and solution temperature of 55°C.