الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was included 5 experiments; (1) A survey of Malvaceae plants grown within four counties in Dakahlia governorate reveal the presence of twelve nematode genera i.e. Aphelenchus, Criconemella , Dorylaimus , Helicotylenchus , Hoplolaimus , Longidorus , Meloidogyne , Pratylenchus , Rotylenchulus , Tylenchorhynchus , Tylenchus and Xiphinema. The nematode genera, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus and Tylenchorhynchus showed the greatest frequency of occurrence within the two soil types textures surveyed i.e. loamy and clay loamy with values of 56.1 and 80.5%, 69.9 and 55.8%; and 33.3 and 31.2%, respectively. Meloidogyne (J2) was considered to be the key pest of the Malvaceae within its surveyed plantations. (2) Host suitability of tested Malvaceae plant cultivars i.e. cotton, okra and rosella to M. incognita infection under greenhouse conditions at 29±4 ºC, of the tested Malvaceae, plant growth parameters such as total plant fresh weights showed the highest reduction percentage values appointed 36.19 and 34.32% by cotton cvs. Giza 90& Giza 86 ; 32.41% for okra cv. Hyper Dokki 1 and 31.54% by rosella cv, Sabahia17, respectively. Meanwhile, their least values of the same criterion assigned 18.70 and 19.81% for cotton cvs, Giza 89 & Giza 70 and 21.81% for okra cv. Ismaily, respectively. (3) Management of M. incognita on cotton, Gossypium barbadense cv. 86 using four essential oils i.e. fennel, cumin, thyme and camphor at the rate of 0.1% / plant in comparison with a systemic nematicide, oxamyl (0.3 ml / plant) within cement binzes under semi-field conditions at 31±5 ºC. Among tested components, fennel oil significantly increased plant growth characters when compared to other treatments and nematode alone with values of 102.05 and 84.77 and 62.43% for plant length, whole plant fresh weight and shoot dry weight, respectively, whereas, camphor oil gave the least values in increase percentage of the same plant growth parameters i.e. plant length (44.19%), whole plant fresh weight (49.27%) and shoot dry weight (35.59%) as well. Oxamyl as a nematicide had the second rank to fennel oil (4 )Efficacy of four colored polyethylene mulches i.e. black, blue, red and white in comparison with oxamyl on plant morphology and root-knot disease on okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) cv. Hyper Dokki 1 grown in naturally infested soil with M. incognita during summer season of 2011 under semi-field conditions at 25±3 ºC, white plastic mulch significantly overwhelmed other tested treatments in plant growth characters, with values of 134.26, 160.27 and 70.15% for plant length , whole plant fresh and shoot dry weights; followed by that of black mulch (129.92, 159.24 and 69.15%) for the same plant characters, respectively. However, blue and red mulches achieved the intermediate values of percentage increase of the same plant growth parameters and surpassed that of oxamyl but lesser than those of black mulch. Moreover, similar trend was noticed in nematode parameters, since white mulch ranked first in suppressing nematode population density (76.90%), number of galls (90.97%) and egg-masses (85.24%) as well, followed by oxamyl with values of 72.40, 81.47 and 84.80% for the same nematode criteria, whereas, red mulch showed the modest values in this respect that averaged 52.30, 68.17 and 62.36%, respectively, accompanied by the highest rate of nematode reproduction (1.06) when compared to nematode alone. (5) Integrated management of M. incognita infecting okra plant cv. Hyper Dokki 1 either covered or not by white plastic mulch using three organic manure and essential oil, results reveal that all tested components either covered or not by white plastic mulch clearly ameliorated plant growth parameters and adjusting nematode criteria, comparing to nematode alone. Moreover, plant receiving pigeon manure either solely or mixed at half doses each with oxamyl under both cases of covered or not with white plastic mulch of the double treatments ranked first over other tested applications in ameliorating okra cv. Hyper Dokki 1 growth parameters and in diminishing nematode criteria as well, . Moreover, similar trend was recorded by treatment of fennel oil solely or mixed at half doses with oxamyl for both cases of white plastic mulch and ranked second to the same treatments of pigeon manure in ameliorating okra cv. Hyper Dokki 1 growth criteria values i.e. plant length (25.2 ; 48.1 and 53.8%) total plant fresh weight (68.0, 90.2 and 126.2%) and shoot dry weight (31.5, 77.3 and 91.7%), respectively, whilst reduction percentage values i.e. nematode population density (63.6, 68.7 and 76.7%) number of galls (39.4, 57.5 and 80.2) and egg-masses (49.2, 76.6 and 88.7%), respectively , followed by Bio-arc and Bio-zeid tested treatments that ranked third and fourth in the increments values of plant growth parameters and in suppressing nematode criteria for pigeon treatments and represented the modest values in this study, comparing to nematode alone. Moreover, plant receiving Di-Tera solely or mixed at half doses with oxamyl for both cases of mulching technique had the last position of tested bioagents in improving plant growth characters and in ceasing nematode criteria. It was evident that N, P, and K concentrations and total phenol contents were significantly diminished, while that of total chlorophyll content sharply increased by nematode infection alone. All tested components either single or mixed showed significant increase in N, P, and K concentrations and total phenol content , whereas an opposite results occurred with values of total chlorophyll content comparing to nematode alone. Of the tested materials, pigeon manure either alone or mixed with oxamyl at their half doses each covered or not with white plastic mulch such as pigeon manure alone or ½ (pigeon manure + Ox) or {½ (pigeon manure + Ox) +M},achieved the highest increments values in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concs. and total phenol contents as well, since their values averaged 81.92, 145.45, 51.09 and 36.73%; 96.75, 259.09 , 52.03 and 48.02% ; and 111.57, 345.45 , 56.01 and 63.18%, followed by that of fennel oil treatment either alone or at the same level of mixing with values of 80.64, 131.82, 48.86 and 32.41%, ; 96.14, 240.91 , 51.84, and 47.74% ; and 111.42, 340.91 , 54.64 and 60.78%, respectively, as compared to nematode alone.