الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the present work is to design and synthesize binary, fused, spiro and polynuclear ring systems containing quinolone moieties and evaluation of their biological values such as antioxidant agents and antitumor agents.
Section 1:
Synthesis of pyrazole[4,3-c]quinolin-4(5H)-one structures
7-methoxyquinolin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (1) was reacted with DMF/DMA in DMF to yield 2. While α,β-unsaturated ketones 3-5 were afforded by conventional Claisen-Schmidt condensation by refluxing compound 1 with a variety of aldehydes namely; p-methoxylbenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, thiophene-2-carbaldehyde, and 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, respectively. Also, refluxing compound 1 with cinnamaldehyde gave compound 6 and after dilution yielded compound 7.
Annulations of α,β-unsaturated ketones 2-4 via Micheal addition followed by cyclocindensation with hydrazine hydrate in glacial acetic acid afforded acetylpyrazole derivatives 8-10 respectively. Analogously, the reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones 5 and 6 with hydrazine derivatives in DMF yielded pyrazole derivatives 11a, 11b and 12, respectively.
Section 2:
Formation of polyfused annulated quinolone systems
Quinolone 1 was reacted with bromine in glacial acetic acid to produce the corresponding 13. Condensation of 13 with the dibasic secondary amine like piperazine gave the new quinolones 14 and 15. Also, heating of 13 with dibasic primary aromatic amine o-phenylenediamine afforded compound 16. While, heating of compound 13, with the cyclic enamines such as 6-amino-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione and 3-methylisoxazol-5-amine afforded compounds 17 and 18, respectively. Moreover, heating of 13 with 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thiol yielded 19. The chemical treatment of 13 with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol 20 afforded compound 21. Finally, Reimer-Tiemann reaction upon 1 yielded 4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (22). Nitrosation of 1 with nitrous acid yielded 3-(hydroxyimino)-7-methoxyquinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (23).
Condensation of 1 with isatin in the presence of piperidine afforded 24. Moreover, refluxing compound 24 with hydrazine in glacial AcOH yielded the polynuclear compound 25. Refluxing α,β-unsaturated ketone 3d with o-phenylenediamine in DMF yielded (26).
Section 3:
An access to the preparation of spiro quinolone frame works
The reaction of compound 3a with H2O2 then guanidine.HNO3 gave (27), while treatment compound 3a with quanidine.HNO3 and H2O2 afforded (28). The multi-components reaction of 3a, isatin and N-methylglycine acid yielded the spiro compound 29.
Furthermore compound 32 was synthesized in multi-steps reaction. The treatment of compound 1 with carbon disulphide in the presence of dimethylsulphate gave (30). Its reaction with hydrazine hydrate under basic condition (1N NaOH) yielded (31). Heating compound 31 with isatin at 400C afforded the target compound (32).